Page last updated 8 Aug 96. Created page.

49 CFR 571 -- FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

The full text of 49 CFR 571 is coming. I will be adding one section at a time, giving priority to sections that seem most relevant to trucks.

49 CFR 571 is very long, and putting the entire document into this one page will take some time as each section (571.1 through 571.302) is stored as a separate document on the US House of Representatives Code of Federal Regulations web server.

Text of 49 CFR 571

 Sec.
                            SUBPART A - GENERAL
    571.1 Scope.
    571.3 Definitions.
    571.4 Explanation of usage.
    571.5 Matter incorporated by reference.
    571.7 Applicability.
    571.8 Effective date.
    571.9 Separability.

             SUBPART B - FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

    571.100 Standard No. 100; Controls and displays.
    571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and displays.
    571.102 Standard No. 102; Transmission shift lever sequence,
        starter interlock, and transmission braking effect.
    571.103 Standard No. 103; Windshield defrosting and defogging
        systems.
    571.104 Standard No. 104; Windshield wiping and washing systems.
    571.105 Standard No. 105; Hydraulic brake systems.
    571.106 Standard No. 106; Brake hoses.
    571.107 Standard No. 107; Reflecting surfaces.
    571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and
associated
        equipment.
    571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic tires.
    571.110 Standard No. 110; Tire selection and rims.
    571.111 Standard No. 111; Rearview mirrors.
    571.112 Standard No. 112; Headlamp concealment devices.
    571.113 Standard No. 113; Hood latch system.
    571.114 Standard No. 114; Theft protection.
    571.115 Standard No. 115; Vehicle identification number - basic
        requirements.
    571.116 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle brake fluids.
    571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneumatic tires.
    571.118 Standard No. 118; Power-operated window systems.
    571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic tires for vehicles other
        than passenger cars.
    571.120 Standard No. 120; Tire selection and rims for motor
        vehicles other than passenger cars.
    571.121 Standard No. 121; Air brake systems.
    571.122 Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems.
    571.123 Standard No. 123; Motorcycle controls and displays.
    571.124 Standard No. 124; Accelerator control systems.
    571.125 Standard No. 125; Warning devices.
    571.126 Standard No. 126; Truck-camper loading.
    571.129 Standard No. 129; new non-pneumatic tires for passsenger [sic]
        cars.
[no sections between 129 and 201]
    571.201 Standard No. 201; Occupant protection in interior impact.
    571.202 Standard No. 202; Head restraints.
    571.203 Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from
the
        steering control system.
    571.204 Standard No. 204; Steering control rearward displacement.
    571.205 Standard No. 205; Glazing materials.
    571.206 Standard No. 206; Door locks and door retention
components.
    571.207 Standard No. 207; Seating systems.
    571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection.
    571.209 Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies.
    571.210 Standard No. 210; Seat belt assembly anchorages.
    571.211 Standard No. 211; Wheel nuts, wheel discs, and hub caps.
    571.212 Standard No. 212; Windshield mounting.
    571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.
    571.214 Standard No. 214; Side door strength.
    571.215 (Reserved)
    571.216 Standard No. 216; Roof crush resistance-passenger cars.
    571.217 Standard No. 217; Bus window retention and release.
    571.218 Standard No. 218; Motorcycle helmets.
    571.219 Standard No. 219; Windshield zone intrusion.
    571.220 Standard No. 220; School bus rollover protection.
    571.221 Standard No. 221; School bus body joint strength.
    571.222 Standard No. 222; School bus passenger seating and crash
        protection.
[no sections between 222 and 301]
    571.301 Standard No. 301; Fuel system integrity.
    571.302 Standard No. 302; Flammability of interior materials.
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 1392, 1401, 1403, 1407; delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50.

571.1 Scope

This part contains the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment established under section 103 of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 (80 Stat. 718).
(33 FR 19703, Dec. 25, 1968. Redesignated at 35 FR 5118, Mar. 26, 1970)

[no section 571.2]

571.3 Definitions


      (a) Statutory definitions.  All terms defined in section 102 of
    the Act are used in their statutory meaning.
      (b) Other definitions.  As used in this chapter -
       Act means the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of
    1966 (80 Stat. 718).
       Approved, unless used with reference to another person, means
    approved by the Secretary.
       Boat trailer means a trailer designed with cradle-type mountings
    to transport a boat and configured to permit launching of the boat
    from the rear of the trailer.
       Bus means a motor vehicle with motive power, except a trailer,
    designed for carrying more than 10 persons.
       Curb weight means the weight of a motor vehicle with standard
    equipment; maximum capacity of engine fuel, oil, and coolant; and,
    if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight optional
    engine.
       Designated seating capacity means the number of designated
    seating positions provided.
       Designated seating position means any plan view location capable
    of accomodating a person at least as large as a 5th percentile
    adult female, if the overall seat configuration and design and
    vehicle design is such that the position is likely to be used as a
    seating position while the vehicle is in motion, except for
    auxiliary seating accomodations such as temporary or folding jump
    seats.  Any bench or split-bench seat in a passenger car, truck or
    multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR less than 10,000 pounds,
    having greater than 50 inches of hip room (measured in accordance
    with SAE Standard J1100(a)) shall have not less than three
    designated seating positions, unless the seat design or vehicle
    design is such that the center position cannot be used for seating.
       Driver means the occupant of a motor vehicle seated immediately
    behind the steering control system.
       Emergency brake means a mechanism designed to stop a motor
    vehicle after a failure of the service brake system.
       5th percentile adult female means a person possessing the
    dimensions and weight of the 5th percentile adult female specified
    for the total age group in Public Health Service Publication No.
    1000, Series 11, No. 8, 'Weight, Height, and Selected Body
    Dimensions of Adults.'
       Firefighting vehicle means a vehicle designed exclusively for
    the purpose of fighting fires.
       Fixed collision barrier means a flat, vertical, unyielding
    surface with the following characteristics:
      (1) The surface is sufficiently large that when struck by a
    tested vehicle, no portion of the vehicle projects or passes beyond
    the surface.
      (2) The approach is a horizontal surface that is large enough for
    the vehicle to attain a stable attitude during its approach to the
    barrier, and that does not restrict vehicle motion during impact.
      (3) When struck by a vehicle, the surface and its supporting
    structure absorb no significant portion of the vehicle's kinetic
    energy, so that a performance requirement described in terms of
    impact with a fixed collision barrier must be met no matter how
    small an amount of energy is absorbed by the barrier.
       Forward control means a configuration in which more than half of
    the engine length is rearward of the foremost point of the
    windshield base and the steering wheel hub is in the forward
    quarter of the vehicle length.
       Gross axle weight rating or GAWR means the value specified by
    the vehicle manufacturer as the load-carrying capacity of a single
    axle system, as measured at the tire-ground interfaces.
       Gross combination weight rating or GCWR means the value
    specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a combination
    vehicle.
       Gross vehicle weight rating or GVWR means the value specified by
    the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a single vehicle.
       H point means the mechanically hinged hip point of a manikin
    which simulates the actual pivot center of the human torso and
    thigh, described in SAE Recommended Practice J826, 'Manikins for
    Use in Defining Vehicle Seating Accommodations,' November 1962.
       Head impact area means all nonglazed surfaces of the interior of
    a vehicle that are statically contactable by a 6.5-inch diameter
    spherical head form of a measuring device having a pivot point to
    'top-of-head' dimension infinitely adjustable from 29 to 33 inches
    in accordance with the following procedure, or its graphic
    equivalent:
      (a) At each designated seating position, place the pivot point of
    the measuring device -
      (1) For seats that are adjustable fore and aft, at -
      (i) The seating reference point; and
      (ii) A point 5 inches horizontally forward of the seating
    reference point and vertically above the seating reference point an
    amount equal to the rise which results from a 5-inch forward
    adjustment of the seat or 0.75 inch; and
      (2) For seats that are not adjustable fore and aft, at the
    seating reference point.
      (b) With the pivot point to 'top-of-head' dimension at each value
    allowed by the device and the interior dimensions of the vehicle,
    determine all contact points above the lower windshield glass line
    and forward of the seating reference point.
      (c) With the head form at each contact point, and with the device
    in a vertical position if no contact points exists for a particular
    adjusted length, pivot the measuring device forward and downward
    through all arcs in vertical planes to 90 degrees each side of the
    vertical longitudinal plane through the seating reference point,
    until the head form contacts an interior surface or until it is
    tangent to a horizontal plane 1 inch above the seating reference
    point, whichever occurs first.
       Interior compartment door means any door in the interior of the
    vehicle installed by the manufacturer as a cover for storage space
    normally used for personal effects.
       Longitudinal or longitudinally means parallel to the
    longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
       Motorcycle means a motor vehicle with motive power having a seat
    or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not
    more than three wheels in contact with the ground.
       Motor-driven cycle means a motorcycle with a motor that produces
    5-brake horsepower or less.
       Multipurpose passenger vehicle means a motor vehicle with motive
    power, except a trailer, designed to carry 10 persons or less which
    is constructed either on a truck chassis or with special features
    for occasional off-road operation.
       Open-body type vehicle means a vehicle having no occupant
    compartment top or an occupant compartment top that can be
    installed or removed by the user at his convenience.
       Outboard designated seating position means a designated seating
    position where a longitudinal vertical plane tangent to the
    outboard side of the seat cushion is less than 12 inches from the
    innermost point on the inside surface of the vehicle at a height
    between the seating reference point and the shoulder reference
    point (as shown in fig. 1 of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
    No. 210) and longitudinally between the front and rear edges of the
    seat cushion.
       Overall vehicle width means the nominal design dimension of the
    widest part of the vehicle, exclusive of signal lamps, marker
    lamps, outside rearview mirrors, flexible fender extensions, and
    mud flaps, determined with doors and windows closed and the wheels
    in the straight-ahead position.
       Parking brake means a mechanism designed to prevent the movement
    of a stationary motor vehicle.
       Passenger car means a motor vehicle with motive power, except a
    multipurpose passenger vehicle, motorcycle, or trailer, designed
    for carrying 10 persons or less.
       Pelvic impact area means that area of the door or body side
    panel adjacent to any outboard designated seating position which is
    bounded by horizontal planes 7 inches above and 4 inches below the
    seating reference point and vertical transverse planes 8 inches
    forward and 2 inches rearward of the seating reference point.
       Pole trailer means a motor vehicle without motive power designed
    to be drawn by another motor vehicle and attached to the towing
    vehicle by means of a reach or pole, or by being boomed or
    otherwise secured to the towing vehicle, for transporting long or
    irregularly shaped loads such as poles, pipes, or structural
    members capable generally of sustaining themselves as beams between
    the supporting connections.
       School bus means a bus that is sold, or introduced in interstate
    commerce, for purposes that include carrying students to and from
    school or related events, but does not include a bus designed and
    sold for operation as a common carrier in urban transportation.
       Seating reference point means the manufacturer's design
    reference point which -
      (a) Establishes the rearmost normal design driving or riding
    position of each designated seating position in a vehicle;
      (b) Has coordinates established relative to the designed vehicle
    structure;
      (c) Simulates the position of the pivot center of the human torso
    and thigh; and
      (d) Is the reference point employed to position the two
    dimensional templates described in SAE Recommended Practice J826,
    'Manikins for Use in Defining Vehicle Seating Accommodations,'
    November 1962.
       Semitrailer means a trailer, except a pole trailer, so
    constructed that a substantial part of its weight rests upon or is
    carried by another motor vehicle.
       Service brake means the primary mechanism designed to stop a
    motor vehicle.
       Speed attainable in 1 mile means the speed attainable by
    accelerating at maximum rate from a standing start for 1 mile, on a
    level surface.
       Speed attainable in 2 miles means the speed attainable by
    accelerating at maximum rate from a standing start for 2 miles, on
    a level surface.
       Torso line means the line connecting the 'H' point and the
    shoulder reference point as defined in SAE Recommended Practice
    J787g, 'Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Anchorage,' September 1966.
       Trailer means a motor vehicle with or without motive power,
    designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by
    another motor vehicle.
       Trailer converter dolly means a trailer chassis equipped with
    one or more axles, a lower half of a fifth wheel and a drawbar.
       Truck means a motor vehicle with motive power, except a trailer,
    designed primarily for the transportation of property or special
    purpose equipment.
       Truck tractor means a truck designed primarily for drawing other
    motor vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than
    a part of the weight of the vehicle and the load so drawn.
       Unloaded vehicle weight means the weight of a vehicle with
    maximum capacity of all fluids necessary for operation of the
    vehicle, but without cargo, occupants, or accessories that are
    ordinarily removed from the vehicle when they are not in use.
       95th percentile adult male means a person possessing the
    dimensions and weight of the 95th percentile adult male specified
    in Public Health Service Publication No. 1000, Series 11, No. 8,
    'Weight, Height, and Selected Body Dimensions of Adults.'
       Vehicle fuel tank capacity means the tank's unusable capacity
    (i.e., the volume of fuel left at the bottom of the tank when the
    vehicle's fuel pump can no longer draw fuel from the tank) plus its
    usable capacity (i.e., the volume of fuel that can be pumped into
    the tank through the filler pipe with the vehicle on a level
    surface and with the unusable capacity already in the tank).  The
    term does not include the vapor volume of the tank (i.e., the space
    above the fuel tank filler neck) nor the volume of the fuel tank
    filler neck.
    (33 FR 19703, Dec. 25, 1968. Redesignated at 35 FR 5118, Mar. 26,
    1970)
      Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
    571.3, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids
    section of this volume.

571.4 Explanation of usage

      The word any, used in connection with a range of values or set of
    items in the requirements, conditions, and procedures of the
    standards or regulations in this chapter, means generally the
    totality of the items or values, any one of which may be selected
    by the Administration for testing, except where clearly specified
    otherwise.
      Examples: 'The vehicle shall meet the requirements of S4.1 when
    tested at any point between 18 and 22 inches above the ground.'
    This means that the vehicle must be capable of meeting the
    specified requirements at every point between 18 and 22 inches
    above the ground.  The test in question for a given vehicle may
    call for a single test (a single impact, for example), but the
    vehicle must meet the requirement at whatever point the
    Administration selects, within the specified range.
      'Each tire shall be capable of meeting the requirements of this
    standard when mounted on any rim specified by the manufacturer as
    suitable for use with that tire.' This means that, where the
    manufacturer specifies more than one rim as suitable for use with a
    tire, the tire must meet the requirements with whatever rim the
    Administration selects from the specified group.
      'Any one of the items listed below may, at the option of the
    manufacturer, be substituted for the hardware specified in S4.1.'
    Here the wording clearly indicates that the selection of items is
    at the manufacturer's option.
    (36 FR 2511, Feb. 5, 1971)

571.5 Matter incorporated by reference

      (a) Incorporation. There are hereby incorporated, by reference,
    into this part, all materials referred to in any standard in
    Subpart B of this part that are not set forth in full in the
    standard.  These materials are thereby made part of this
    regulation.  The Director of the Federal Register has approved the
    materials incorporated by reference.  For materials subject to
    change, only the specific version approved by the Director of the
    Federal Register and specified in the standard are incorporated.  A
    notice of any change in these materials will be published in the
    Federal Register. As a convenience to the reader, the materials
    incorporated by reference are listed in the Finding Aid Table found
    at the end of this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations.
      (b) Availability. The materials incorporated by reference, other
    than acts of Congress and matter published elsewhere in the Federal
    Register, are available as follows:
      (1) Standards of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). They
    are published by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
    Information and copies may be obtained by writing to: Society of
    Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,
    Pennsylvania 15096.
      (2) Standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials.
    They are published by the American Society for Testing and
    Materials. Information on copies may be obtained by writing to the
    American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,
    Philadelphia, PA 19103.
      (3) Standards of the American National Standards Institute. They
    are published by the American National Standards Institute.
    Information and copies may be obtained by writing to: American
    National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York
    10018.
      (4) Data from the National Health Survey, Public Health
    Publication No. 1000, Series 11, No. 8. This is published by the
    U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Copies may be
    obtained for a price of 35 cents from the Superintendent of
    Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
      (5) Test methods of the American Association of Textile Chemists
    and Colorists. They are published by the American Association of
    Textile Chemists and Colorists. Information and copies can be
    obtained by writing to: American Association of Textile Chemists
    and Colorists, Post Office Box 886, Durham, NC.
      (6) Test methods of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North
    America (IES). They are published by the Illuminating Engineering
    Society of North America. Copies can be obtained by writing to:
    Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 345 East 47th
    St., New York, NY 10017.
      (7) All of the above materials, as well as any other materials
    incorporated by reference, are available for inspection and copying
    at the Office of Vehicle Safety Standards, National Highway Traffic
    Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC
    20590. The materials are also available for inspection and copying
    at the Office of the Federal Register, 1100 L Street, NW.
    Washington, DC.
    (33 FR 19704, Dec. 25, 1968. Redesignated at 35 FR 5118, Mar. 26,
    1970, and amended at 35 FR 5120, Mar. 26, 1970; 36 FR 1148, Jan.
    23, 1971; 41 FR 52880, Dec. 2, 1976; 41 FR 56812, Dec. 30, 1976; 47
    FR 7254, Feb. 18, 1982; 48 FR 30141, June 30, 1983; 54 FR 20083,
    May 9, 1989)

[no section 571.6]

571.7 Applicability


      (a) General. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this
    section, each standard set forth in Subpart B of this part applies
    according to its terms to all motor vehicles or items of motor
    vehicle equipment the manufacture of which is completed on or after
    the effective date of the standard.
      (b) (Reserved)
      (c) Military vehicles.  No standard applies to a vehicle or item
    of equipment manufactured for, and sold directly to, the Armed
    Forces of the United States in conformity with contractual
    specifications.
      (d) Export. No standard applies to a vehicle or item of equipment
    in the circumstances provided in section 108(b)(5) of the Act (15
    U.S.C. 1397 (b)(5)).
      (e) Combining new and used components.  When a new cab is used in
    the assembly of a truck, the truck will be considered newly
    manufactured for purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, the
    application of the requirements of this chapter, and the Act,
    unless the engine, transmission, and drive axle(s) (as a minimum)
    of the assembled vehicle are not new, and at least two of these
    components were taken from the same vehicle.
      (f) Combining new and used components in trailer manufacture.
    When new materials are used in the assembly of a trailer, the
    trailer will be considered newly manufactured for purposes of
    paragraph (a) of this section, the application of the requirements
    of this chapter, and the Act, unless, at a minimum, the trailer
    running gear assembly (axle(s), wheels, braking and suspension) is
    not new, and was taken from an existing trailer -
      (1) Whose identity is continued in the reassembled vehicle with
    respect to the Vehicle Identification Number; and
      (2) That is owned or leased by the user of the reassembled
    vehicle.
    (33 FR 19703, Dec. 25, 1968. Redesignated at 35 FR 5118, Mar. 26,
    1970, and amended at 36 FR 7855, Apr. 27, 1971; 38 FR 12808, May
    16, 1973; 40 FR 49341, Oct. 22, 1975; 41 FR 27074, July 1, 1976)

571.8 Effective date

Notwithstanding the effective date provisions of the motor vehicle safety standards in this part, the effective date of any standard or amendment of a standard issued after September 1, 1971, to which firefighting vehicles must conform shall be, with respect to such vehicles, either 2 years after the date on which such standard or amendment is published in the rules and regulations section of the Federal Register, or the effective date specified in the notice, whichever is later, except as such standard or amendment may otherwise specifically provide with respect to firefighting vehicles.
(36 FR 13927, July 28, 1971)

571.9 Separability

If any standard established in this part or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the part and the application of that standard to other persons or circumstances is not affected thereby.
(33 FR 19705, Dec. 25, 1968. Redesignated at 35 FR 5118, Mar. 26, 1970) SUBPART B - FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

571.100 Standard No. 100; Controls and displays

571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and displays

571.102 Standard No. 102; Transmission shift lever sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect

571.103 Standard No. 103; Windshield defrosting and defogging systems

571.104 Standard No. 104; Windshield wiping and washing systems

571.105 Standard No. 105; Hydraulic brake systems

571.106 Standard No. 106; Brake hoses

571.107 Standard No. 107; Reflecting surfaces

571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment

571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic tires

571.110 Standard No. 110; Tire selection and rims

571.111 Standard No. 111; Rearview mirrors

571.112 Standard No. 112; Headlamp concealment devices

571.113 Standard No. 113; Hood latch system

571.114 Standard No. 114; Theft protection

571.115 Standard No. 115; Vehicle identification number - basic requirements

571.116 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle brake fluids

571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneumatic tires

571.118 Standard No. 118; Power-operated window systems

571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars

571.120 Standard No. 120; Tire selection and rims for motor vehicles other than passenger cars

571.121 Standard No. 121; Air brake systems

571.122 Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems

571.123 Standard No. 123; Motorcycle controls and displays

571.124 Standard No. 124; Accelerator control systems

571.125 Standard No. 125; Warning devices

571.126 Standard No. 126; Truck-camper loading

571.129 Standard No. 129; new non-pneumatic tires for passsenger [sic] cars

[no sections between 129 and 201]

571.201 Standard No. 201; Occupant protection in interior impact

571.202 Standard No. 202; Head restraints

571.203 Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system

      S1. Purpose and scope.  This standard specifies requirements for
    steering control systems that will minimize chest, neck, and facial
    injuries to the driver as a result of impact.
      S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to
    multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a GVWR of
    10,000 pounds or less.  However, it does not apply to vehicles that
    conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1) of
    Standard No. 208 (49 CFR 571.208) by means of other than seat belt
    assemblies.  It also does not apply to walk-in vans.
      S3. Definitions. Steering control system means the basic steering
    mechanism and its associated trim hardware, including any portion
    of a steering column assembly that provides energy absorption upon
    impact.
      S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose
    passenger vehicle, truck and bus with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or
    less manufactured on or after September 1, 1981, shall meet the
    requirements of S5.1 and S5.2.
      S5. Impact protection requirements.
      S5.1 When the steering control system is impacted in accordance
    with Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J944,
    'Steering Wheel Assembly Laboratory Test Procedure,' December 1965,
    or an approved equivalent, at a relative velocity of 15 miles per
    hour, the impact force developed on the chest of the body block
    transmitted to the steering control system shall not exceed 2,500
    pounds, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more
    than 3 milliseconds.
      S5.2 The steering control system shall be so constructed that no
    components or attachments, including horn actuating mechanisms and
    trim hardware, can catch the driver's clothing or jewelry during
    normal driving maneuvers.
      Note: The term jewelry refers to watches, rings, and bracelets
    without loosely attached or dangling members.
    (36 FR 22902, Dec. 2, 1971, as amended at 44 FR 68475, Nov. 29,
    1979; 47 FR 47842, Oct. 28, 1982)

571.204 Standard No. 204; Steering control rearward displacement

571.205 Standard No. 205; Glazing materials

571.206 Standard No. 206; Door locks and door retention components

571.207 Standard No. 207; Seating systems

571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection

      S1. Scope. This standard specifies performance requirements for
    the protection of vehicle occupants in crashes.
      S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce the number
    of deaths of vehicle occupants, and the severity of injuries, by
    specifying vehicle crashworthiness requirements in terms of forces
    and accelerations measured on anthropomorphic dummies in test
    crashes, and by specifying equipment requirements for active and
    passive restraint systems.
      S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars,
    multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses.  In addition,
    S9., Pressure vessels and explosive devices, applies to vessels
    designed to contain a pressurized fluid or gas, and to explosive
    devices, for use in the above types of motor vehicles as part of a
    system designed to provide protection to occupants in the event of
    a crash.
      S4. General requirements.
      S4.1 Passenger cars.
      S4.1.1 Passenger cars manufactured from January 1, 1972, to
    August 31, 1973. Each passenger car manufactured from January 1,
    1972, to August 31, 1973, inclusive, shall meet the requirements of
    S4.1.1.1, S4.1.1.2, or S4.1.1.3. A protection system that meets the
    requirements of S4.1.1.1, or S4.1.1.2 may be installed at one or
    more designated sting positions of a vehicle that otherwise meets
    the requirements of S4.1.1.3.
      S4.1.1.1 First option - complete passive protection system.  The
    vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5. by
    means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.1.1.2 Second option - lap belt protection system with belt
    warning.  The vehicle shall -
      (a) At each designated seating position have a Type 1 seatbelt
    assembly or a Type 2 seatbelt assembly with a detachable upper
    torso portion that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard;
      (b) At each front outboard designated seating position, have a
    seat belt warning system that conforms to S7.3; and
      (c) Meet the frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1, in a
    perpendicular impact, with respect to anthropomorphic test devices
    in each front outboard designated seating position restrained only
    by Type 1 seat belt assemblies.
      S4.1.1.3 Third option - lap and shoulder belt protection system
    with belt warning.
      S4.1.1.3.1 Except for convertibles and open-body vehicles, the
    vehicle shall -
      (a) At each front outboard designated seating position have a
    Type 2 seatbelt assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 and S7.1 and
    S7.2 of this standard, with either an integral or detachable upper
    torso portion, and a seatbelt warning system that conforms to S7.3;
      (b) At each designated seating position other than the front
    outboard positions, have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that
    conforms to Sec. 571.209 and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard; and
      (c) When it perpendicularly impacts a fixed collision barrier,
    while moving longitudinally forward at any speed up to and
    including 30 m.p.h., under the test conditions of S8.1 with
    anthropomorphic test devices at each front outboard position
    restrained by Type 2 seatbelt assemblies, experience no complete
    separation of any load-bearing element of a seatbelt assembly or
    anchorage.
      S4.1.1.3.2 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles shall at each
    designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seatbelt
    assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this
    standard, and at each front outboard designated seating position
    have a seatbelt warning system that conforms to S7.3.
      S4.1.2 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1973,
    and before September 1, 1986. Each passenger car manufactured on or
    after September 1, 1973, and before September 1, 1986, shall meet
    the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3. A protection
    system that meets the requirements of S4.1.2.1 or S4.1.2.2 may be
    installed at one or more designated seating positions of a vehicle
    that otherwise meets the requirements of S4.1.2.3.
      S4.1.2.1 First option - frontal/angular automatic protection
    system.  The vehicle shall:
      (a) At each front outboard designated seating position meet the
    frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1 by means that require
    no action by vehicle occupants;
      (b) At the front center designated seating position and at each
    rear designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt
    assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 and to S7.1 and S7.2;
    and
      (c) Either. (1) Meet the lateral crash protection requirements of
    S5.2 and the rollover crash protection requirements of S5.3 by
    means that require no action by vehicle occupants; or
      (2) At each front outboard designated seating position have a
    Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No.
    209 and S7.1 through S7.3, and that meets the requirements of S5.1
    with front test dummies as required by S5.1, restrained by the Type
    1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly (or the pelvic portion of any Type 2
    seat belt assembly which has a detachable upper torso belt) in
    addition to the means that require no action by the vehicle
    occupant.
      S4.1.2.2 Second option - head-on automatic protection system.
    The vehicle shall -
      (a) At each designated seating position have a Type 1 seat belt
    assembly or Type 2 seat belt assembly with a detachable upper torso
    portion that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
      (b) At each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
    frontal crash protecton requirements of S5.1, in a perpendicular
    impact, by means that require no action by vehicle occupants;
      (c) At each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
    frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1, in a perpendicular
    impact, with a test device restrained by a Type 1 seat belt
    assembly; and
      (d) At each front outboard designated seating position, have a
    seat belt warning system that conforms to S7.3.
      S4.1.2.3 Third option - lap and shoulder belt protection system
    with belt warning.
      S4.1.2.3.1 Except for convertibles and open-body vehicles, the
    vehicle shall -
      (a) At each front outboard designated seating position have a
    seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard,
    and a seat belt warning system that conforms to S7.3. The belt
    assembly shall be either a Type 2 seat belt assembly with a
    nondetachable shoulder belt that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec.
    571.209), or a Type 1 seat belt assembly such that with a test
    device restrained by the assembly the vehicle meets the frontal
    crash protection requirements of S5.1 in a perpendicular impact.
      (b) At any center front designated seating position, have a Type
    1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209
    (Sec. 571.209) and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard, and a seat
    belt warning system that conforms to S7.3; and
      (c) At each other designated seating position, have a Type 1 or
    Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec.
    571.209) and S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
      S4.1.2.3.2 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles shall at each
    designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt
    assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209) and to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard, and at each front designated
    seating position have a seat belt warning system that conforms to
    S7.3.
      S4.1.3 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1986,
    and before September 1, 1989.
      S4.1.3.1 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1,
    1986, and before September 1, 1987.
      S4.1.3.1.1 Subject to S4.1.3.1.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1986, and before September 1,
    1987, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
    S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with
    this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have
    reason to know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not
    in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
      S4.1.3.1.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of
    passenger cars, specified in S4.1.3.1.1 complying with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1 shall be not less than 10 percent of:
      (a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured
    on or after September 1, 1983, and before September 1, 1986, by
    each manufacturer, or
      (b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
    the period specified in S4.1.3.1.1.
      S4.1.3.1.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
    comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating
    its average annual production under S4.1.3.1.2(a) or its annual
    production under S4.1.3.1.2(b).
      S4.1.3.2 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1,
    1987, and before September 1, 1988.
      S4.1.3.2.1 Subject to S4.1.3.2.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1987, and before September 1,
    1988, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
    S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with
    this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have
    reason to know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not
    in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
      S4.1.3.2.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of
    passenger cars specified in S4.1.3.2.1 complying with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1. shall be not less than 25 percent of:
      (a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured
    on or after September 1, 1984, and before September 1, 1987, by
    each manufacturer, or
      (b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
    the period specified in S4.1.3.2.1.
      S4.1.3.2.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
    comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating
    its average annual production under S4.1.3.2.2(a) or its annual
    production under S4.1.3.2.2(b).
      S4.1.3.3 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1,
    1988, and before September 1, 1989.
      S4.1.3.3.1 Subject to S4.1.3.3.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1988, and before September 1,
    1989, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
    S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with
    this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have
    reason to know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not
    in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
      S4.1.3.3.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of
    passenger cars specified in S4.1.3.3.1 complying with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1 shall be not less than 40 percent of:
      (a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured
    on or after September 1, 1985, and before September 1, 1988, by
    each manufacturer or
      (b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
    the period specified in S4.1.3.3.1.
      S4.1.3.3.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
    comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating
    its average annual production under S4.1.3.3.2(a) or its annual
    production under S4.1.3.3.2(b).
      S4.1.3.4 Calculation of complying passenger cars.
      (a) For the purposes of calculating the numbers of cars
    manufactured under S4.1.3.1.2, S4.1.3.2.2, or S4.1.3.3.2 to comply
    with S4.1.2.1:
      (1) Each car whose driver's seating position complies with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat
    belt and whose front right seating position will comply with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by any means is counted as 1.5
    vehicles, and
      (2) Each car whose driver's seating position complies with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat
    belt and whose right front seat seating position is equipped with a
    manual Type 2 seat belt is counted as one vehicle.
      (b) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.1.2, a passenger
    car may be counted if it:
      (1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
    September 1, 1986, and
      (2) Complies with S4.1.2.1.
      (c) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.2.2, a passenger
    car may be counted if it:
      (1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
    September 1, 1987,
      (2) Complies with S4.1.2.1, and
      (3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.1.3.1.2
      (d) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.3.2, a passenger
    car may be counted if it:
      (1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
    September 1, 1988,
      (2) Complies with S4.1.2.1, and
      (3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.1.3.1.2 or
    S4.1.3.2.2.
      S4.1.3.5 Passenger cars produced by more than one manufacturer.
      S4.1.3.5.1 For the purposes of calculating average annual
    production of passenger cars for each manufacturer and the amount
    of passenger cars manufactured by each manufacturer under
    S4.1.3.1.2, S4.1.3.2.2 or S4.1.3.3.2, a passenger car produced by
    more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single
    manufacturer as follows, subject to S4.1.3.5.2:
      (a) A passenger car which is imported shall be attributed to the
    importer.
      (b) A passenger car manufactured in the United States by more
    than one manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall
    be attributed to the manufacturer which markets the vehicle.
      S4.1.3.5.2 A passenger car produced by more than one manufacturer
    shall be attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers
    specified by an express written contract, reported to the National
    Highway Traffic Safety Administration under 49 CFR Part 585,
    between the manufacturer so specified and the manufacturer to which
    the vehicle would otherwise be attributed under S4.1.3.5.1.
      S4.1.4 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1989.
      S4.1.4.1 Except as provided in S4.1.4.2, each passenger car
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1989 shall comply with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1. Any passenger car manufactured on or
    after September 1, 1989 and before September 1, 1993 whose driver's
    designated seating position complies with the requirements of
    S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat belt and whose
    right front designated seating position is equipped with a manual
    Type 2 seat belt so that the seating position complies with the
    occupant crash protection requirements of S5.1, with the Type 2
    seat belt assembly adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2, shall be
    counted as a vehicle complying with S4.1.2.1. A vehicle shall not
    be deemed to be in noncompliance with this standard if its
    manufacturer establishes that it did not know in the exercise of
    due care that such vehicle is not in conformity with this standard.
      S4.1.4.2 (a) Each passenger car, other than a convertible,
    manufactured before December 11, 1989 may be equipped with, and
    each passenger car, other than a convertible, manufactured on or
    after December 11, 1989 and before September 1, 1990 shall be
    equipped with a Type 2 seat belt assembly at every forward-facing
    rear outboard designated seating position.  Type 2 seat belt
    assemblies installed pursuant to this provision shall comply with
    Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1.1 of this standard.
      (b) Except as provided in S4.1.4.2.1 and S4.1.4.2.2, each
    passenger car, other than a convertible, manufactured on or after
    September 1, 1990 and each convertible passenger car manufactured
    on or after September 1, 1991 shall be equipped with an integral
    Type 2 seat belt assembly at every forward-facing rear outboard
    designated seating position.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed
    in compliance with this requirement shall comply with Standard No.
    209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 an S7.2 of this standard.  If a
    Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in compliance with this
    requirement incorporates any webbing tension-relieving device, the
    vehicle owner's manual shall include the information specified in
    S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension relieving device, and
    the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
      (c) As used in this section, 'rear outboard designated seating
    position' means any 'outboard designated seating position' (as that
    term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3) that is rearward of the front
    seat(s), except any designated seating position adjacent to a
    walkway that is located between the seat and the near side of the
    vehicle and is designed to allow access to more rearward seating
    positions.
      S4.1.4.2.1 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    seat that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some
    other direction shall either:
      (i) Meet the requirements of S4.1.4.2 with the seat in any
    position in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in
    motion; or
      (ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type
    2 seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an
    emergency locking retractor that conforms with Standard No. 209 (49
    CFR 571.209), which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the
    buckle, and, when the seat is in any position in which it can be
    occupied while the vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or
    the pelvic portion of a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
      S4.1.4.2.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) in a vehicle manufactured on or after September 1,
    1992 shall meet the requirements of S4.1.4.2 and may use an upper
    torso belt that detaches at either its upper or lower anchorage
    point, but not both anchorage points, to meet those requirements.
    The means for detaching the upper torso belt shall not use any
    pushbutton action.
      S4.1.5 Mandatory seatbelt use laws.
      S4.1.5.1 If the Secretary of Transportation determines, by not
    later than April 1, 1989, that state mandatory safety belt usage
    laws have been enacted that meet the criteria specified in S4.1.5.2
    and that are applicable to not less than two-thirds of the total
    population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia (based on
    the most recent Estimates of the Resident Population of States, by
    Age, Current Population Reports, Series P-25, Bureau of the
    Census), each passenger car manufactured under S4.1.3 or S4.1.4 on
    or after the date of that determination shall comply with the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2. or S4.1.2.3.
      S4.1.5.2 The minimum criteria for state mandatory safety belt
    usage laws are:
      (a) Require that each front seat occupant of a passenger car
    equipped with safety belts under Standard No. 208 has a safety belt
    properly fastened about his or her body at all times when the
    vehicle is in forward motion.
      (b) If waivers from the safety belt usage requirement are to be
    provided, permit them for medical reasons only.
      (c) Provide for the following enforcement measures:
      (1) A penalty of not less than $25.00 (which may include court
    costs) for each occupant of a car who violates the belt usage
    requirement.
      (2) A provision specifying that the violation of the belt usage
    requirement may be used to mitigate damages with respect to any
    person who is involved in a passenger car accident while violating
    the belt usage requirement and who seeks in any subsequent
    litigation to recover damages for injuries resulting from the
    accident.  This requirement is satisfied if there is a rule of law
    in the State permitting such mitigation.
      (3) A program to encourage compliance with the belt usage
    requirement.
      (d) An effective date of not later than September 1, 1989.
      S4.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVWR of
    10,000 pounds or less.
      S4.2.1 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
    10,000 pounds or less, manufactured on or after January 1, 1976 and
    before September 1, 1991. Each truck and multipurpose passenger
    vehicle, with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or
    less, manufactured before September 1, 1991, shall meet the
    requirements of S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the manufacturer,
    S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger cars), except that
    forward control vehicles manufactured prior to September 1, 1981,
    convertibles, open-body type vehicles, walk-in van-type trucks,
    motor homes, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold to the U.S.
    Postal Service, and vehicles carrying chassis-mount campers may
    instead meet the requirements of S4.2.1.1 or S4.2.1.2.
      S4.2.1.1 First option - complete automatic protection system.
    The vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by
    means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.2.1.2 Second option - belt system.  The vehicle shall have
    seat belt assemblies that conform to Standard 209 installed as
    follows:
      (a) A Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be installed for
    each designated seating position in convertibles, open-body type
    vehicles, and walk-in van-type trucks.
      (b) In all vehicles except those for which requirements are
    specified in S4.2.1.2(a), a Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be
    installed for each outboard designated seating position that
    includes the windshield header within the head impact area, and a
    Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be installed for each
    other designated seating position.
      S4.2.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
    8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds
    or less, manufactured on or after September 1, 1991. Each truck and
    multipurpose passenger vehicle, with a gross vehicle weight rating
    of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
    pounds or less, manufactured on or after September 1, 1991, shall
    meet the requirements of S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the
    manufacturer, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger
    cars), except that convertibles, open-body type vehicles, walk-in
    van-type trucks, motor homes, vehicles designed to be exclusively
    sold to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles carrying
    chassis-mount campers may instead meet the requirements of S4.2.1.1
    or S4.2.1.2. Each Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in a front
    outboard designated seating position in accordance with S4.1.2.3
    shall meet the requirements of S4.6.
      S4.2.3 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured on
    or after September 1, 1991 with either a GVWR of more than 8,500
    pounds but not greater than 10,000 pounds or with an unloaded
    vehicle weight greater than 5,500 pounds and a GVWR of 10,000
    pounds or less.  Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1991, that has either a gross
    vehicle weight rating which is greater than 8,500 pounds, but not
    greater than 10,000 pounds, or has an unloaded vehicle weight
    greater than 5,500 pounds and a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less shall
    meet the requirements of S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the
    manufacturer, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger
    cars), except that convertibles, open-body type vehicles, walk-in
    van-type trucks, motor homes, vehicles designed to be exclusively
    sold to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles carrying
    chassis-mount campers may instead meet the requirements of S4.2.1.1
    or S4.2.1.2.
      S4.2.4 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured on
    or after September 1, 1991 with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less.
    Except as provided in S4.2.4.2 and S4.2.4.3, each truck and each
    multipurpose passenger vehicle, other than a motor home,
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 that has a gross vehicle
    weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less shall be equipped with an
    integral Type 2 seat belt assembly at every forward-facing rear
    outboard designated seating position.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies
    installed in compliance with this requirement shall comply with
    Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this
    standard.  If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in compliance
    with this requirement incorporates any webbing tension-relieving
    device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the information
    specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension relieving
    device, and the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this
    standard.
      S4.2.4.1 As used in this section -
      (a) Motor home means a motor vehicle with motive power that is
    designed to provide temporary residential accommodations, as
    evidenced by the presence of at least four of the following
    facilities: cooking; refrigeration or ice box; self-contained
    toilet; heating and/or air conditioning; a potable water supply
    system including a faucet and a sink; and a separate 110-125 volt
    electrical power supply and/or an LP gas supply.
      (b) Rear outboard designated seating position means any 'outboard
    designated seating position' (as that term is defined at 49 CFR
    571.3) that is rearward of the front seat(s), except any designated
    seating positions adjacent to a walkway located between the seat
    and the side of the vehicle, which walkway is designed to allow
    access to more rearward seating positions.
      S4.2.4.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    seat that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some
    other direction shall either:
      (i) Meet the requirements of S4.2.4 with the seat in any position
    in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
      (ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type
    2 seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an
    emergency locking retractor that conforms with Standard No 209 (49
    CFR 571.209), which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the
    buckle, and, when the seat is in any position in which it can be
    occupied while the vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or
    the pelvic portion of a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
      S4.2.4.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) in a vehicle manufactured on or after September 1,
    1992 shall meet the requirements of S4.2.4 and may use an upper
    torso belt that detaches at either its upper or lower anchorage
    point, but not both anchorage points, to meet those requirements.
    The means for detaching the upper torso belt shall not use any
    pushbutton action.
      S4.3 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, with GVWR of
    more than 10,000 pounds.
      S4.3.1 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
    more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured in or after January 1, 1972
    and before September 1, 1990. Each truck and multipurpose passenger
    vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000
    pounds, manufactured on or after January 1, 1972 and before
    September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements of S4.3.1.1 or
    S4.3.1.2. A protection system that meets the requirements of
    S4.3.1.1 may be installed at one or more designated seating
    positions of a vehicle that otherwise meets the requirements of
    S4.3.1.2.
      S4.3.1.1 First option - complete passenger protection system.
    The vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by
    means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.3.1.2 Second option - belt system.  The vehicle shall, at each
    designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a Type 2 seat
    belt assembly that conforms to S571.209.
      S4.3.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
    more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured on or after September 1,
    1990. Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a gross
    vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured on
    or after September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements of S4.3.2.1
    or S4.3.2.2. A protection system that meets the requirements of
    S4.3.2.1 may be installed at one or more designated seating
    positions of a vehicle that otherwise meets the requirements of
    S4.3.2.2.
      S4.3.2.1 First option - complete passenger protection system.
    The vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by
    means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.3.2.2 Second option - belt system.  The vehicle shall, at each
    designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a Type 2 seat
    belt assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 of this part and S7.2
    of this Standard. A Type 1 belt assembly or the pelvic portion of a
    dual retractor Type 2 belt assembly installed at a front outboard
    seating position shall include either an emergency locking
    retractor or an automatic locking retractor.  If a seat belt
    assembly installed at a front outboard seating position includes an
    automatic locking retractor for the lap belt or the lap belt
    portion, that seat belt assembly shall comply with the following:
      (a) An automatic locking retractor used at a front outboard
    seating position that has some type of suspension system for the
    seat shall be attached to the seat structure that moves as the
    suspension system functions.
      (b) The lap belt or lap belt portion of a seat belt assembly
    equipped with an automatic locking retractor that is installed at a
    front outboard seating position must allow at least 3/4 inch, but
    less than 3 inches, of webbing movement before retracting webbing
    to the next locking position.
      (c) Compliance with S4.3.2.2(b) of this standard is determined as
    follows:
      (1) The seat belt assembly is buckled and the retractor end of
    the seat belt assembly is anchored to a horizontal surface.  The
    webbing for the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt
    assembly is extended to 75 percent of its length and the retractor
    is locked after the initial adjustment.
      (2) A load of 20 pounds is applied to the free end of the lap
    belt or the lap belt portion of the belt assembly (i.e., the end
    that is not anchored to the horizontal surface) in the direction
    away from the retractor.  The position of the free end of the belt
    assembly is recorded.
      (3) Within a 30 second period, the 20 pound load is slowly
    decreased, until the retractor moves to the next locking position.
    The position of the free end of the belt assembly is recorded
    again.
      (4) The difference between the two positions recorded for the
    free end of the belt assembly shall be at least 3/4 inch but less
    than 3 inches.
      S4.4 Buses.
      S4.4.1 Buses manufactured on or after January 1, 1972 and before
    September 1, 1990. Each bus manufactured on or after January 1,
    1972 and before September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements of
    S4.4.1.1 or S4.4.1.2.
      S4.4.1.1 First option - complete passenger protection system -
    driver only.  The vehicle shall meet the crash protection
    requirements of S5, with respect to an anthropomorphic test dummy
    in the driver's designated seating position, by means that require
    no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.4.1.2 Second option - belt system - driver only.  The vehicle
    shall, at the driver's designated seating position, have either a
    Type 1 or a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S571.209.
      S4.4.2 Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1990. Each bus
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1990, shall meet the
    requirements of S4.4.2.1 or S4.4.2.2.
      S4.4.2.1 First option - complete passenger protection system -
    driver only.  The vehicle shall meet the crash protection
    requirements of S5, with respect to an anthropomorphic test dummy
    in the driver's designated seating position, by means that require
    no action by vehicle occupants.
      S4.4.2.2 Second option - belt system - driver only.  The vehicle
    shall, at the driver's designated seating position, have either a
    Type 1 or a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209
    of this part and S7.2 of this Standard. A Type 1 belt assembly or
    the pelvic portion of a dual retractor Type 2 belt assembly
    installed at the driver's seating position shall include either an
    emergency locking retractor or an automatic locking retractor.  If
    a seat belt assembly installed at the driver's seating position
    includes an automatic locking retractor for the lap belt or the lap
    belt portion, that seat belt assembly shall comply with the
    following:
      (a) An automatic locking retractor used at a driver's seating
    position that has some type of suspension system for the seat shall
    be attached to the seat structure that moves as the suspension
    system functions.
      (b) The lap belt or lap belt portion of a seat belt assembly
    equipped with an automatic locking retractor that is installed at
    the driver's seating position must allow at least 3/4 inch, but
    less than 3 inches, of webbing movement before retracting webbing
    to the next locking position.
      (c) Compliance with S4.4.2.2(b) of this standard is determined as
    follows:
      (1) The seat belt assembly is buckled and the retractor end of
    the seat belt assembly is anchored to a horizontal surface.  The
    webbing for the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt
    assembly is extended to 75 percent of its length and the retractor
    is locked after the initial adjustment.
      (2) A load of 20 pounds is applied to the free end of the lap
    belt or the lap belt portion of the belt assembly (i.e., the end
    that is not anchored to the horizontal surface) in the direction
    away from the retractor.  The position of the free end of the belt
    assembly is recorded.
      (3) Within a 30 second period, the 20 pound load is slowly
    decreased, until the retractor moves to the next locking position.
    The position of the free end of the belt assembly is recorded
    again.
      (4) The difference between the two positions recorded for the
    free end of the belt assembly shall be at least 3/4 inch but less
    than 3 inches.
      S4.4.3 Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1991.
      S4.4.3.1 Each bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than
    10,000 pounds shall comply with the requirements S4.4.2.1 or 
    S4.4.2.2.
      S4.4.3.2 Except as provided in S4.4.3.2.2 and S4.4.3.2.3, each
    bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less,
    except a school bus, shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat
    belt assembly at the driver's designated seating position and at
    the front and every rear forward-facing outboard designated seating
    position, and with a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly at all
    other designated seating positions.  Type 2 seat belt asemblies
    installed in compliance with this requirement shall comply with
    Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this
    standard.  If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in compliance
    with this requirement incorporates any webbing tension-relieving
    device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the information
    specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension relieving
    device, and the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this
    standard.
      S4.4.3.2.1 As used in this section, a 'rear outboard designated
    position' means any 'outboard designated seating position' (as that
    term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3) that is rearward of the front
    seat(s), except any designated seating positions adjacent to a
    walkway located between the seat and the side of the vehicle, which
    walkway is designed to allow access to more rearward seating
    positions.
      S4.4.3.2.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    seat that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some
    other direction shall either:
      (i) Meet the requirements of S4.4.3.2 with the seat in any
    position in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in
    motion; or
      (ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type
    2 seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an
    emergency locking retractor that conforms with Standard No. 209 (49
    CFR 571.209), which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the
    buckle, and, when the seat is in any position in which it can be
    occupied while the vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or
    the pelvic portion of a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to
    S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
      S4.4.3.2.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) in a vehicle manufactured on or after September 1,
    1992 shall meet the requirements of S4.4.3.2 and may use an upper
    torso belt that detaches at either its upper or lower anchorage
    point, but not both anchorage points, to meet those requirements.
    The means for detaching the upper torso belt shall not use any
    pushbutton action.
      S4.4.3.3 Each school bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of
    10,000 pounds or less shall be equipped with an integral Type 2
    seat belt assembly at the driver's designated seating position and
    at the right front passenger's designated seating position (if
    any), and with a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly at all other
    designated seating positions.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies
    installed in compliance with this requirement shall comply with
    Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this
    standard.  The lap belt portion of a Type 2 seat belt assembly
    installed at the driver's designated seating position and at the
    right front passenger's designated seating position (if any) shall
    include either an emergency locking retractor or an automatic
    locking retractor, which retractor shall not retract webbing to the
    next locking position until at least 3/4 inch of webbing has moved
    into the retractor.  In determining whether an automatic locking
    retractor complies with this requirement, the webbing is extended
    to 75 percent of its length and the retractor is locked after the
    initial adjustment.  If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in
    compliance with this requirement incorporates any webbing
    tension-relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include
    the information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the
    tension-relieving device, and the vehicle shall comply with
    S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
      S4.5 Other general requirements.
      S4.5.1 Labeling and driver's manual information.  Each vehicle
    shall have a label setting forth the manufacturer's recommended
    schedule for the maintenance or replacement, necessary to retain
    the performance required by this standard, of any crash deployed
    occupant protection system.  The schedule shall be specified by
    month and year, or in terms of vehicle mileage, or by intervals
    measured from the date appearing on the vehicle certification label
    provided pursuant to 49 CFR Part 567. The label shall be
    permanently affixed to the vehicle within the passenger compartment
    and lettered in English in block capitals and numerals not less
    than three thirty-seconds of an inch high.  Instructions concerning
    maintenance or replacement of the system and a description of the
    functional operation of the system shall be provided with each
    vehicle, with an appropriate reference on the label.  If a vehicle
    owner's manual is provided, this information shall be included in
    the manual.
      S4.5.2 Readiness indicator.  An occupant protection system that
    deploys in the event of a crash shall have a monitoring system with
    a readiness indicator.  The indicator shall monitor its own
    readiness and shall be clearly visible from the driver's designated
    seating position.  A list of the elements of the system being
    monitored by the indicator shall be included with the information
    furnished in accordance with S4.5.1 but need not be included on the
    label.
      S4.5.3 Automatic belts.  Except as provided in S4.5.3.1, a seat
    belt assembly that requires no action by vehicle occupants
    (hereinafter referred to as an 'automatic belt') may be used to
    meet the crash protection requirements of any option under S4. and
    in place of any seat belt assembly otherwise required by that
    option.
      S4.5.3.1 An automatic belt that provides only pelvic restraint
    may not be used pursuant to S4.5.3 to meet the requirements of an
    option that requires a Type 2 seat belt assembly.
      S4.5.3.2 An automatic belt, furnished pursuant to S4.5.3, that
    provides both pelvic and upper torso restraint may have either a
    detachable or nondetachable upper torso portion, notwithstanding
    provisions of the option under which it is furnished.
      S4.5.3.3 An automatic belt furnished pursuant to S4.5.3 shall:
      (a) Conform to S7.1 and have a single emergency release mechanism
    whose components are readily accessible to a seated occupant.
      (b) In place of a warning system that conforms to S7.3 of this
    standard, be equipped with the following warning system: At the
    left front designated seating position (driver's position), a
    warning system that activates a continuous or intermittent audible
    signal for a period of not less than 4 seconds and not more than 8
    seconds and that activates a continuous or flashing warning light
    visible to the driver for not less than 60 seconds (beginning when
    the vehicle ignition switch is moved to the 'on' or the 'start'
    position) when condition (A) exists simultaneously with condition
    (B), and that activates a continuous or flashing warning light,
    visible to the driver, displaying the identifying symbol for the
    seat belt telltale shown in Table 2 of Standard No. 101 (49 CFR
    571.101), or, at the option of the manufacturer if permitted by
    Standard No. 101, displaying the words 'Fasten Seat Belts' or
    'Fasten Belts,' for as long as condition (A) exists simultaneously
    with condition (C).
      (A) The vehicle's ignition switch is moved to the 'on' position
    or to the 'start' position.
      (B) The driver's automatic belt is not in use, as determined by
    the belt latch mechanism not being fastened, or, if the automatic
    belt is non-detachable, by the emergency release mechanism being in
    the released position.  In the case of motorized automatic belts,
    the determination of use shall be made once the belt webbing is in
    its locked protective mode at the anchorage point.
      (C) The belt webbing of a motorized automatic belt system is not
    in its locked, protective mode at the anchorage point.
      S4.5.3.4 An automatic belt furnished pursuant to S4.5.3 that is
    not required to meet the perpendicular frontal crash protection
    requirements of S5.1 shall conform to the webbing, attachment
    hardware, and assembly performance requirements of Standard No.
    209.
      S4.6 Dynamic testing of manual belt systems.
      S4.6.1 If the automatic restraint requirement of S4.1.4 is
    rescinded pursuant to S4.1.5, then each passenger car that is
    manufactured after September 1, 1989, and is equipped with a Type 2
    manual seat belt assembly at each front outboard designated seating
    position pursuant to S4.1.2.3 shall meet the frontal crash
    protection requirements of S5.1 at those designated seating
    positions with a test dummy restrained by a Type 2 seat belt
    assembly that has been adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2. A
    vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
    standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have
    reason to know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not
    in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
      S4.6.2 Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR
    of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded weight of less than 5,500
    pounds that is manufactured on or after September 1, 1991, and is
    equipped with a Type 2 seat belt assembly at a front outboard
    designated seating position pursuant to S4.1.2.3 shall meet the
    frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1 at those designated
    seating positions with a test dummy restrained by a Type 2 seat
    belt assembly that has been adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2. A
    vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
    standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have
    reason to know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not
    in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
      S4.6.3 A Type 2 seat belt assembly subject to the requirements of
    S4.6.1 or S4.6.2 of this standard does not have to meet the
    requirements of S4.2(a)-(c) and S4.4 of Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
    571.209) of this part.
      S5. Occupant crash protection requirements.
      S5.1 Vehicles subject to S5.1 shall comply with either S5.1(a) or
    S5.1(b), or any combination thereof, at the manufacturer's option;
    except that vehicles manufactured before September 1, 1993 that
    comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including
    any type of seat belt or inflatable restraint shall comply with
    S5.1(a).
      (a) Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any
    speed, up to and including 30 mph, into a fixed collision barrier
    that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, or at
    any angle up to 30 degrees in either direction from the
    perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle under the
    applicable conditions of S8. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8.1
    placed at each front outboard designated seating position shall
    meet the injury criteria of S6.1.1, 6.1.2., 6.1.3, and 6.1.4.
      (b) Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any
    speed, up to and including 30 mph, into a fixed collision barrier
    that is perpendicular to line of travel of the vehicle, or at any
    angle up to 30 degrees in either direction from the perpendicular
    to the line of travel of the vehicle, under the applicable
    conditions of S8. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8.2 placed at
    each front outboard designated seating position shall meet the
    injury criteria of S6.2.1, 6.2.2., 6.2.3, 6.2.4, and 6.2.5.
      S5.2 Lateral moving barrier crash test.
      S5.2.1 Vehicles subject to S5.2 shall comply with either
    S5.2.1(a) or S5.2.1(b), or any combination thereof, at the
    manufacturer's option; except that vehicles manufactured before
    September 1, 1993 that comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1(c)
    by means not including any type of seat belt or inflatable
    restraint shall comply with S5.2.1(a).
      (a) Impact a vehicle laterally on either side by a barrier moving
    at 20 mph under the applicable conditions of S8. The test dummy
    specified in S8.1.8.1 placed at the front outboard designated
    seating position adjacent to the impacted side shall meet the
    injury criteria of S6.1.2 and S6.1.3.
      (b) When the vehicle is impacted laterally under the applicable
    conditions of S8, on either side by a barrier moving at 20 mph,
    with a test device specified in S8.1.8.2, which is seated at the
    front outboard designated seating position adjacent to the impacted
    side, it shall meet the injury criteria of S6.2.2, and S6.2.3.
      S5.3 Rollover. Subject a vehicle to a rollover test under the
    applicable condition of S8 in either lateral direction at 30 mph
    with either, at the manufacturer's option, a test dummy specified
    in S8.1.8.1 or S8.1.8.2, placed in the front outboard designated
    seating position on the vehicle's lower side as mounted on the test
    platform.  The test dummy shall meet the injury criteria of either
    S6.1.1. or S6.2.1.
      S6. Injury criteria.
      S6.1 Injury criteria for the Part 572, Subpart B, 50th percentile
    Male Dummy.
      S6.1.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within
    the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment throughout
    the test.
      S6.1.2 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the
    head shall be such that the expression:

                        *** ILLUSTRATION OMITTED ***

    shall not exceed 1,000 where a is the resultant acceleration
    expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t
    (INFERIOR 1) and t (INFERIOR 2) are any two points in time during
    the crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36
    millisecond time interval.
      S6.1.3 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the
    upper thorax shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals whose
    cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
      S6.1.4 The compressive force transmitted axially through each
    upper leg shall not exceed 2250 pounds.
      S6.2 Injury Criteria for the Part 572, Subpart E, Hybrid III Test
    Dummy.
      S6.2.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within
    the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment throughout
    the test.
      S6.2.2 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the
    head shall be such that the expression:

                        *** ILLUSTRATION OMITTED ***

    shall not exceed 1,000 where a is the resultant acceleration
    expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t
    (INFERIOR 1) and t (INFERIOR 2) are any two ps in time during the
    crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36
    millisecond time interval.
      S6.2.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of
    the thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing 78051-218, revision R
    incorporated by reference in Part 572, Subpart E of this chapter
    shall not exceed 60g's, except for intervals whose cumulative
    duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
      S6.2.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the
    spine, as determined by instrumentation shown in drawing 78051-317,
    revision A incorporated by reference in Part 572, Subpart E of this
    chapter, shall not exceed 3 inches.
      S6.2.5 The force transmitted axially through each upper leg shall
    not exceed 2250 pounds.
      S7. Seat belt assembly requirements.
      S7.1 Adjustment.
      S7.1.1 Except as specified in S7.1.1.1 and S7.1.1.2, the lap belt
    of any seat belt assembly furnished in accordance with S4.1.2 shall
    adjust by means of any emergency-locking or automatic-locking
    retractor that conforms to Sec. 571.209 to fit persons whose
    dimensions range from those of a 50th percentile 6-year-old child
    to those of a 95th percentile adult male and the upper torso
    restraint shall adjust by means of an emergency-locking retractor
    or a manual adjusting device that conforms to Sec. 571.209 to fit
    persons whose dimensions range from those of a 5th percentile adult
    female to those of a 95th percentile adult male, with the seat in
    any position, the seat back in the manufacturer's nominal design
    riding position, and any adjustable anchorages adjusted to the
    manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult
    male occupant.  However, an upper torso restraint furnished in
    accordance with S4.1.2.3.1(a) shall adjust by means of an
    emergency-locking retractor that conforms to Sec. 571.209.
      S7.1.1.1 A seat belt assembly installed at the driver's seating
    position shall adjust to fit persons whose dimensions range from
    those of a 5th-percentile adult female to those of a
    95th-percentile adult male.
      S7.1.1.2 (a) A seat belt assembly installed in a motor vehicle
    other than a forward control vehicle at any designated seating
    position other than the outboard positions of the front and second
    seats shall adjust either by a retractor as specified in S7.1.1 or
    by a manual adjusting device that conforms to Sec. 571.209.
      (b) A seat belt assembly installed in a forward control vehicle
    at any designated seating position other than the front outboard
    seating positions shall adjust either by a retractor as specified
    in S7.1.1 or by a manual adjusting device that conforms to Sec.
    571.209.
      S7.1.1.3 (a) Except as provided in S7.1.1.3(b), a Type 1 lap belt
    or the lap belt portion of any Type 2 belt installed at any front
    outboard designated seating position for compliance with this
    standard in a vehicle (other than walk-in van-type vehicles)
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1986, shall meet the
    requirements of S7.1 by means of an emergency-locking retractor
    that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209).
      (b) The requirements of S7.1.1.3(a) do not apply to the lap belt
    portion of any Type 2 belt installed in a passenger car
    manufactured before September 1, 1989, or the walk-in van-type
    vehicles.
      S7.1.1.4 Notwithstanding the other provisions of S7.1 - S7.1.1.3,
    emergency-locking retractors on belt assemblies located in
    positions other than front outboard designated seating postions may
    be equipped with a manual webbing adjustment device capable of
    causing the retractor that adjusts the lap belt to lock when the
    belt is buckled.
      S7.1.2 The intersection of the upper torso belt with the lap belt
    in any Type 2 seat belt assembly furnished in accordance with
    S4.1.1 or S4.1.2, with the upper torso manual adjusting device, if
    provided, adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's
    instructions, shall be at least 6 inches from the front vertical
    centerline of a 50th-percentile adult male occupant, measured along
    the centerline of the lap belt, with the seat in its rearmost and
    lowest adjustable position and with the seat back in the
    manufacturer's nominal design riding position.
      S7.1.3 The weights and dimensions of the vehicle occupants
    referred to in this standard are as follows:
                   --------------------------------------
    Weight
      50th-percentile 6-year old child: 47.3 pounds
      5th-percentile adult female: 102 pounds
      50th-percentile adult male: 164 pounds
     ()   3
      95th-percentile adult male: 215 pounds.
    Erect sitting height
      50th-percentile 6-year old child: 25.4 inches
      5th-percentile adult female: 30.9 inches
      50th-percentile adult male: 35.7 inches
     ()   .1
      95th-percentile adult male: 38 inches.
    Hip breadth (sitting)
      50th-percentile 6-year old child: 8.4 inches
      5th-percentile adult female: 12.8 inches
      50th-percentile adult male: 14.7 inches
     ()   .7
      95th-percentile adult male: 16.5 inches.
    Hip circumference (sitting)
      50th-percentile 6-year old child: 23.9 inches
      5th-percentile adult female: 36.4 inches
      50th-percentile adult male: 42 inches
      95th-percentile adult male: 47.2 inches.
    Waist circumference (sitting)
      50th-percentile 6-year old child: 20.8 inches
      5th-percentile adult female: 23.6 inches
      50th-percentile adult male: 32 inches
     ()   .6
      95th-percentile adult male: 42.5 inches.
    Chest depth
      50th-percentile 6-year old child:
      5th-percentile adult female: 7.5 inches
      50th-percentile adult male: 9.3 inches
     ()   .2
      95th-percentile adult male: 10.5 inches.
    Chest circumference:
      (nipple)
        50th-percentile 6-year old child:
        5th-percentile adult female: 30.5 inches
        50th-percentile adult male:
        95th-percentile adult male:
      (upper)
        50th-percentile 6-year old child:
        5th-percentile adult female: 29.8 inches
        50th-percentile adult male: 37.4 inches
     ()   .6
        95th-percentile adult male: 44.5 inches.
      (lower)
        50th-percentile 6-year old child:
        5th-percentile adult female: 26.6 inches
        50th-percentile adult male:
        95th-percentile adult male:
                   --------------------------------------
      S7.2 Latch mechanism.  A seat belt assembly installed in any
    vehicle, except an automatic belt assembly, shall have a latch
    mechanism -
      (a) Whose components are accessible to a seated occupant in both
    the stowed and operational positions;
      (b) That releases both the upper torso restraint and the lap belt
    simultaneously, if the assembly has a lap belt and an upper torso
    restraint that require unlatching for release of the occupant; and
      (c) That releases at a single point by a pushbutton action.
      S7.3 A seat belt assembly provided at the driver's seating
    position shall be equipped with a warning system that activates,
    for a period of not less than 4 seconds and not more than 8 seconds
    (beginning when the vehicle ignition switch is moved to the 'on' or
    the 'start' position), a continuous or flashing warning light,
    visible to the driver, displaying the identifying symbol for the
    seat belt telltale shown in Table 2 of FMVSS 101 or, at the option
    of the manufacturer if permitted by FMVSS 101, displaying the words
    'Fasten Seat Belts' or 'Fasten Belts', when condition (a) exists,
    and a continuous or intermittent audible signal when condition (a)
    exists simultaneously with condition (b).
      (a) The vehicle's ignition switch is moved to the 'on' position
    or to the 'start' position.
      (b) The driver's lap belt is not in use, as determined, at the
    option of the manufacturers, either by the belt latch mechanism not
    being fastened, or by the belt not being extended at least 4 inches
    from its stowed position.
      S7.4 Seat belt comfort and convenience.
      (a) Automatic seat belts.  Automatic seat belts installed in any
    vehicle, other than walk-in van-type vehicles, which has a gross
    vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, and which is
    manufactured on or after September 1, 1986, shall meet the
    requirements of S7.4.1, S7.4.2, and S7.4.3.
      (b) Manual seat belts.
      (1) Vehicles manufactured after September 1, 1986. Manual seat
    belts installed in any vehicle, other than manual Type 2 belt
    systems installed in the front outboard seating positions in
    passenger cars or manual belts in walk-in van-type vehicles, which
    have a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, shall
    meet the requirements of S7.4.3, S7.4.4, S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
      (2) Vehicles manufactured after September 1, 1989.
      (i) If the automatic restraint requirement of S4.1.4 is rescinded
    pursuant to S4.1.5, then manual seat belts installed in a passenger
    car shall meet the requirements of S7.1.1.3(a), S7.4.2, S7.4.3,
    S7.4.4, S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
      (ii) Manual seat belts installed in a bus, multipurpose passenger
    vehicle and truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000
    pounds or less, except for walk-in van-type vehicles, shall meet
    the requirements of S7.4.3, S7.4.4, S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
      S7.4.1 Convenience hooks.  Any manual convenience hook or other
    device that is provided to stow seat belt webbing to facilitate
    entering or exiting the vehicle shall automatically release the
    webbing when the automatic belt system is otherwise operational and
    shall remain in the released mode for as long as (a) exists
    simultaneously with (b), or, at the manufacturer's option, for as
    long as (a) exists simultaneously with (c) -
      (a) The vehicle ignition switch is moved to the 'on' or 'start'
    position;
      (b) The vehicle's drive train is engaged;
      (c) The vehicle's parking brake is in the released mode
    (nonengaged).
      S7.4.2 Webbing tension-relieving device.  Each vehicle with an
    automatic seat belt assembly or with a Type 2 manual seat belt
    assembly that must meet the occupant crash protection requirements
    of S5.1 of this standard installed at a front outboard designated
    seating position, and each vehicle with a Type 2 manual seat belt
    assembly installed at a rear outboard designated seating position
    in compliance with a requirement of this standard, that has either
    automatic or manual tension-relieving devices permitting the
    introduction of slack in the webbing of the shoulder belt (e.g.,
    'comfort clips' or 'window-shade' devices) shall:
      (a) Comply with the requirements of S5.1 with the shoulder belt
    webbing adjusted to introduce the maximum amount of slack
    recommended by the vehicle manufacturer pursuant to S7.4.2(b).
      (b) Have a section in the vehicle owner's manual that explains
    how the tension-relieving device works and specifies the maximum
    amount of slack (in inches) recommended by the vehicle manufacturer
    to be introduced into the shoulder belt under normal use
    conditions.  The explanation shall also warn that introducing slack
    beyond the amount specified by the manufacturer could significantly
    reduce the effectiveness of the shoulder belt in a crash; and
      (c) Have, except for open-body vehicles with no doors, an
    automatic means to cancel any shoulder belt slack introduced into
    the belt system by a tension-relieving device.  In the case of an
    automatic safety belt system, cancellation of the tension-relieving
    device shall occur each time the adjacent vehicle door is opened.
    In the case of a manual seat belt required to meet S5.1,
    cancellation of the tension-relieving device shall occur, at the
    manufacturer's option, either each time the adjacent door is opened
    or each time the latchplate is released from the buckle.  In the
    case of a Type 2 manual seat belt assembly installed at a rear
    outboard designated seating position, cancellation of the
    tension-relieving device shall occur, at the manufacturer's option
    either each time the door designed to allow the occupant of that
    seating position entry and egress of the vehicle is opened or each
    time the latchplate is released from the buckle.  In the case of
    open-body vehicles with no doors, cancellation of the
    tension-relieving device may be done by a manual means.
      S7.4.3 Belt contact force.  Except for manual or automatic seat
    belt assemblies that incorporate a webbing tension-relieving
    device, the upper torso webbing of any seat belt assembly shall not
    exert more than 0.7 pounds of contact force when measured normal to
    and one inch from the chest of an anthropomorphic test dummy,
    positioned in accordance with either S10 or S11 of this standard in
    the seating position for which that seat belt assembly is provided,
    at the point where the centerline of the torso belt crosses the
    midsagittal line on the dummy's chest.
      S7.4.4 Latchplate access.  Any seat belt assembly latchplate that
    is located outboard of a front outboard seating position in
    accordance with S4.1.2 shall also be located within the outboard
    reach envelope of either the outboard arm or the inboard arm
    described in S10.6 of this standard and, in the case of a Part 572
    Subpart B test dummy, Figure 3A of this standard, or, in the case
    of a Part 572 Subpart E test dummy, Figure 3B of this standard,
    when the latchplate is in its normal stowed position and any
    adjustable anchorages are adjusted to the manufacturer's nominal
    design position for a 50th percentile male occupant.  There shall
    be sufficient clearance between the vehicle seat and the side of
    the vehicle interior to allow the test block defined in Figure 4
    unhindered transit to the latchplate or buckle.
      S7.4.5 Retraction. When tested under the conditions of S8.1.2 and
    S8.1.3, with anthropomorphic test dummies whose arms have been
    removed and which are positioned in accordance with either S10 or
    S11, or any combination thereof, in the front outboard designated
    seating positions and restrained by the belt systems for those
    positions, the torso and lap belt webbing of any of those seat belt
    systems shall automatically retract to a stowed position either
    when the adjacent vehicle door is in the open position and the seat
    belt latchplate is released, or, at the option of the manufacturer,
    when the latchplate is released.  That stowed position shall
    prevent any part of the webbing or hardware from being pinched when
    the adjacent vehicle door is closed.  A belt system with a
    tension-relieving device in an open-bodied vehicle with no doors
    shall fully retract when the tension/relieving device is
    deactivated.  For the purpose of the retraction requirement,
    outboard armrests, which are capable of being stowed, on vehicle
    seats shall be placed in their stowed positions.
      S7.4.6 Seat belt guides and hardware.
      S7.4.6.1 (a) Any manual seat belt assembly whose webbing is
    designed to pass through the seat cushion or between the seat
    cushion and seat back shall be designed to maintain one of the
    following three seat belt parts (the seat belt latchplate, the
    buckle, or the seat belt webbing) on top of or above the seat
    cushion under normal conditions (i.e., conditions other than when
    belt hardware is intentionally pushed behind the seat by a vehicle
    occupant).  In addition, the remaining two seat belt parts must be
    accessible under normal conditions.
      (b) The requirements of S7.4.6.1(a) do not apply to: (1) seats
    whose seat cushions are movable so that the seat back serves a
    function other than seating, (2) seats which are removable, or (3)
    seats which are movable so that the space formerly occupied by the
    seat can be used for a secondary function.
      S7.4.6.2 The buckle and latchplate of a manual seat belt assembly
    subject to S7.4.6.1 shall not pass through the guides or conduits
    provided for in S7.4.6.1 and fall behind the seat when the events
    listed below occur in the order specified: (a) The belt is
    completely retracted or, if the belt is nonretractable, the belt is
    unlatched; (b) the seat is moved to any position to which it is
    designed to be adjusted; and (c) the seat back, if foldable, is
    folded forward as far as possible and then moved backward into
    position.  The inboard receptacle end of a seat belt assembly
    installed at a front outboard designated seating position shall be
    accessible with the center arm rest in any position to which it can
    be adjusted (without having to move the armrest).
      S8. Test conditions.
      S8.1 General conditions.  The following conditions apply to the
    frontal, lateral, and rollover tests.
      S8.1.1 Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the
    vehicle, including test devices and instrumentation is loaded as
    follows:
      (a) Passenger cars.  A passenger car is loaded to its unloaded
    vehicle weight plus its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight,
    secured in the luggage area, plus the weight of the necessary
    anthropomorphic test devices.
      (b) Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses.  A
    multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus is loaded to its
    unloaded vehicle weight plus 300 pounds or its rated cargo and
    luggage capacity weight, whichever is less, secured in the load
    carrying area and distributed as nearly as possible in proportion
    to its gross axle weight ratings, plus the weight of the necessary
    anthropomorphic test devices.
      (c) Fuel system capacity.  With the test vehicle on a level
    surface, pump the fuel from the vehicle's fuel tank and then
    operate the engine until it stops.  Then, add Stoddard solvent to
    the test vehicle's fuel tank in an amount which is equal to not
    less than 92 and not more than 94 percent of the fuel tank's usable
    capacity stated by the vehicle's manufacturer.  In addition, add
    the amount of Stoddard solvent needed to fill the entire fuel
    system from the fuel tank through the engine's induction system.
      (d) Vehicle test attitude.  Determine the distance between a
    level surface and a standard reference point on the test vehicle's
    body, directly above each wheel opening, when the vehicle is in its
    'as delivered' condition.  The 'as delivered' condition is the
    vehicle as received at the test site, with 100 percent of all fluid
    capacities and all tires inflated to the manufacturer's
    specifications as listed on the vehicle's tire placard.  Determine
    the distance between the same level surface and the same standard
    reference points in the vehicle's 'fully loaded condition.' The
    'fully loaded condition' is the test vehicle loaded in accordance
    with S8.1.1 (a) or (b), as applicable.  The load placed in the
    cargo area shall be center over the longitudinal centerline of the
    vehicle.  The pretest vehicle attitude shall be equal to either the
    as delivered or fully loaded attitude or between the as delivered
    attitude and the fully loaded attitude.
      S8.1.2 Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway
    between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, and if separately
    adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If
    an adjustment position does not exist midway between the
    forwardmost and rearmost positions, the closest adjustment position
    to the rear of the midpoint is used.
      S8.1.3 Place adjustable seat backs in the manufacturer's nominal
    design riding position in the manner specified by the
    manufacturer.  Place any adjustable anchorages at the
    manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult
    male occupant.  Place each adjustable head restraint in its highest
    adjustment position.  Adjustable lumbar supports are positioned so
    that the lumbar support is in its lowest adjustment position.
      S8.1.4 Adjustable steering controls are adjusted so that the
    steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of the locus it
    describes when it is moved through its full range of driving
    positions.
      S8.1.5 Movable vehicle windows and vents are, at the
    manufacturer's option, placed in the fully closed position.
      S8.1.6 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if
    any, in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration.
      S8.1.7 Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked.
      S8.1.8 Anthropomorphic test dummies.
      S8.1.8.1 The anthropomorphic test dummies used for evaluation of
    occupant protection systems manufactured pursuant to applicable
    portions of paragraphs S4.1.2, 4.1.3, and S4.1.4 shall conform to
    the requirements of Subpart B of Part 572 of this Chapter.
      S8.1.8.2 Anthropomorphic test devices used for the evaluation of
    occupant protection systems manufactured pursuant to applicable
    portions of paragraphs S4.1.2, S4.1.3, and S4.1.4 shall conform to
    the requirements of Subpart E of Part 572 of this Chapter.
      S8.1.9.1 Each Part 572, Subpart B test dummy specified in
    S8.1.8.1 is clothed in formfitting cotton stretch garments with
    short sheeves and midcalf length pants.  Each foot of the test
    dummy is equipped with a size 11EE shoe which meets the
    configuration size, sole, and heel thickness specifications of
    MIL-S 131192 and weighs 1.25 () 0.2 pounds.
      S8.1.9.2 Each Part 572, Subpart E test dummy specified in
    S8.1.8.2 is clothed in formfitting cotton stretch garments with
    short sleeves and midcalf length pants specified in drawings
    78051-292 and -293 incorporated by reference in Part 572, Subpart E
    of this chapter, respectively or their equivalents.  A size 11EE
    shoe specified in drawings 78051-294 (left) and 78051-295 (right)
    or their equivalents is placed on each foot of the test dummy.
      S8.1.10 Limb joints are set at lg, barely restraining the weight
    of the limb when extended horizontally.  Leg joints are adjusted
    with the torso in the supine position.
      S8.1.11 Instrumentation does not affect the motion of dummies
    during impact or rollover.
      S8.1.12 Temperature of the test dummy.
      S8.1.12.1 The stabilized temperature of the test dummy specified
    by S8.1.8.1 is at any level between 66 degrees F and 78 degrees F.
      S8.1.12.2 The stabilized temperature of the test dummy specified
    by S8.1.8.2 is at any level between 69 degrees F and 72 degrees F.
      S8.2 Lateral moving barrier crash test conditions.  The following
    conditions apply to the lateral moving barrier crash test.
      S8.2.1 The moving barrier, including the impact surface,
    supporting structure, and carriage, weighs 4,000 pounds.
      S8.2.2 The impact surface of the barrier is a vertical, rigid,
    flat rectangle, 78 inches wide and 60 inches high, perpendicular to
    its direction of movement, with its lower edge horizontal and 5
    inches above the ground surface.
      S8.2.3 During the entire impact sequence the barrier undergoes no
    significant amount of dynamic or static deformation, and absorbs no
    significant portion of the energy resulting from the impact, except
    for energy that results in translational rebound movement of the
    barrier.
      S8.2.4 During the entire impact sequence the barrier is guided so 
    that it travels in a straight line, with no significant lateral,
    vertical or rotational movement.
      S8.2.5 The concrete surface upon which the vehicle is tested is
    level, rigid and of uniform construction, with a skidnumber of 75
    when measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and
    Materials Method E-274-65T at 40 m.p.h., omitting water delivery as
    specified in paragraph 7.1 of that method.
      S8.2.6 The tested vehicle's brakes are disengaged and the
    transmission is in neutral.
      S8.2.7 The barrier and the test vehicle are positioned so that at
    impact -
      (a) The vehicle is at rest in its normal attitude;
      (b) The barrier is traveling in a direction perpendicular to the
    longitudinal axis of the vehicle at 20 m.p.h.; and
      (c) A vertical plane through the geometric center of the barrier
    impact surface and perpendicular to that surface passes through the
    driver's seating reference point in the tested vehicle.
      S8.3 Rollover test conditions.  The following conditions apply to
    the rollover test.
      S8.3.1 The tested vehicle's brakes are disengaged and the
    transmission is in neutral.
      S8.3.2 The concrete surface on which the test is conducted is
    level, rigid, of uniform construction, and of a sufficient size
    that the vehicle remains on it throughout the entire rollover
    cycle.  It has a skid number of 75 when measured in accordance with
    American Society for Testing and Materials Method E-274-65T at 40
    m.p.h. omitting water delivery as specified in paragraph 7.1 of
    that method.
      S8.3.3 The vehicle is placed on a device, similar to that
    illustrated in Figure 2, having a platform in the form of a flat,
    rigid plane at an angle of 23 degrees from the horizontal.  At the
    lower edge of the platform is an unyielding flange, perpendicular
    to the platform with a height of 4 inches and a length sufficient
    to hold in place the tires that rest against it.  The intersection
    of the inner face of the flange with the upper face of the platform
    is 9 inches above the rollover surface.  No other restraints are
    used to hold the vehicle in position during the deceleration of the
    platform and the departure of the vehicle.

                        *** ILLUSTRATION OMITTED ***

      S8.3.4 With the vehicle on the test platform, the test devices
    remain as nearly as possible in the posture specified in S8.1.
      S8.3.5 Before the deceleration pulse, the platform is moving
    horizontally, and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the
    vehicle, at a constant speed of 30 m.p.h. for a sufficient period
    of time for the vehicle to become motionless relative to the
    platform.
      S8.3.6 The platform is decelerated from 30 to 0 m.p.h. in a
    distance of not more than 3 feet, without change of direction and
    without transverse or rotational movement during the deceleration
    of the platform and the departure of the vehicle.  The deceleration
    rate is at least 20g for a minimum of 0.04 seconds.
      S9. Pressure vessels and explosive devices.
      S9.1 Pressure vessels.  A pressure vessel that is continuously
    pressurized shall conform to the requirements of Sec.78.65-2,
    178.65-6(b), 178.65-7, 178.65-9 (a) and (b), and 178.65-10 of this
    title.  It shall not leak or evidence visible distortion when
    tested in accordance with Sec. 178.65-11(a) of this title and shall
    not fail in any of the ways enumerated in Sec. 178.65-11(b) of this
    title when hydrostatically tested to destruction.  It shall not
    crack when flattened in accordance with Sec. 178.65-12(a) of this
    title to the limit specified in Sec. 178.65-12(a)(4) of this title.
      S9.2 Explosive devices.  An explosive device shall not exhibit
    any of the characteristics prohibited by Sec. 173.51 of this
    title.  All explosive material shall be enclosed in a structure
    that is capable of containing the explosive energy without sudden
    release of pressure except through overpressure relief devices or
    parts designed to release the pressure during actuation.
      S10. Test dummy positioning procedures.  Position a test dummy,
    conforming to Subpart B of Part 572 of this chapter, in each front
    outboard seating position of a vehicle as set forth below in S10
    through S10.9. Each test dummy is restrained during the crash tests
    of S5 as follows:
      (a) In a vehicle equipped with automatic restraints at each front
    outboard designated seating position that is certified by its
    manufacturer as meeting the requirements of S4.1.2.1 (a) and
    (c)(1), each test dummy is not restrained during the frontal test
    of S5.1, the lateral test of S5.2 and the rollover test of S5.3 by
    any means that requires occupant action.
      (b)(1) In a vehicle equipped with an automatic restraint at each
    front outbound seating position that is certified by its
    manufacturer as meeting the requirements of S4.1.2.1 (a) and
    (c)(2), each test dummy is not restrained during one frontal test
    of S5.1 by any means that require occupant action.  If the vehicle
    has a manual seat belt provided by the manufacturer to comply with
    the requirements of S4.1.2.1(c), then a second frontal test is
    conducted in accordance with S5.1 and each test dummy is restrained
    both by the automatic restraint system and the manual seat belt,
    adjusted in accordance with S10.9.
      (2) In a vehicle equipped with an automatic restraint only at the
    driver's designated seating position, pursuant to S4.1.3.4(a)(2),
    that is certified by its manufacturer as meeting the requirements
    of S4.1.2.1(a) and (c)(2), the driver test dummy is not restrained
    during one frontal test of S5.1 by any means that require occupant
    action.  If the vehicle also has a manual seat belt provided by the
    manufacturer to comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1(c), then a
    second frontal test is conducted in accordance with S5.1 and the
    driver test dummy is restrained both by the automatic restraint
    system and the manual seat belt, adjusted in accordance with S10.9.
    At the option of the manufacturer, a passenger test dummy can be
    placed in the right front outboard designated seating position
    during the testing required by this section.  If a passenger test
    dummy is present, it shall be restrained by a manual seat belt,
    adjusted in accordance with S10.9.
      (c) In a vehicle equipped with a manual belt at the front
    outboard designated seating positions that is certified by its
    manufacturer to meet the requirements of S4.6, each test dummy is
    restrained by the manual safety belts, adjusted in accordance with
    S10.9, installed at each front outboard seating positions.
      S10.1 Vehicle equipped with front bucket seats.  Place the test
    dummy's torso against the seat back and its upper legs against the
    seat cushion to the extent permitted by placement of the test
    dummy's feet in accordance with the appropriate paragraph of S10.
    Center the test dummy on the seat cushion of the bucket seat and
    set its midsagittal plane so that it is vertical and parallel to
    the centerline of the seat cushion.
      S10.1.1 Driver position placement. (a) Initially set the knees of
    the test dummy 14 1/2 inches apart, measured between the outer
    surfaces of the knee pivot bolt heads, with the left outer surface
    5.9 inches from the midsagittal plane of the test dummy.
      (b) Rest the right foot of the test dummy on the undepressed
    accelerator pedal with the rearmost point of the heel on the floor
    pan in the plane of the pedal.  If the foot cannot be placed on the
    accelerator pedal, set it initially perpendicular to the lower leg
    and place it as far forward as possible in the direction of the
    pedal centerline with the rearmost point of the heel resting on the
    floor pan.  Except as prevented by contact with a vehicle surface,
    place the right leg so that the upper and lower leg centerlines
    fall, as close as possible, in a vertical plane without inducing
    torso movement.
      (c) Place the left foot on the toeboard with the rearmost point
    of the heel resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the
    point of intersection of the planes described by the toeboard and
    the floor pan and not on the wheelwell projection.  If the foot
    cannot be positioned on the toeboard, set it initially
    perpendicular to the lower leg and place it as far forward as
    possible with the heel resting on the floor pan.  If necessary to
    avoid contact with the vehicle's brake or clutch pedal, rotate the
    test dummy's left foot about the lower leg.  If there is still
    pedal interference, rotate the left leg outboard about the hip the
    minimum distance necessary to avoid the pedal interference. Except
    as prevented by contact with a vehicle surface, place the left leg
    so that the upper and lower leg centerlines fall, as close as
    possible, in a vertical plane.  For vehicles with a foot rest that
    does not elevate the left foot above the level of the right foot,
    place the left foot on the foot rest so that the upper and lower
    leg centerlines fall in a vertical plane.
      S10.1.2 Passenger position placement.
      S10.1.2.1 Vehicles with a flat floor pan/toeboard. (a) Initially
    set the knees 11 3/4 inches apart, measured between the outer
    surfaces of the knee pivot bolt heads.
      (b) Place the right and left feet on the vehicle's toeboard with
    the heels resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the
    intersection point with the toeboard.  If the feet cannot be placed
    flat on the toeboard, set them perpendicular to the lower leg
    centerlines and place them as far forward as possible with the
    heels resting on the floor pan.
      (c) Place the right and left legs so that the upper and lower leg
    centerlines fall in vertical longitudinal planes.
      S10.1.2.2 Vehicles with wheelhouse projections in passenger
    compartment. (a) Initially set the knees 11 3/4 inches apart,
    measured between the outer surfaces of the knee pivot bolt heads.
      (b) Place the right and left feet in the well of the floor
    pan/toeboard and not on the wheelhouse projection.  If the feet
    cannot be placed flat on the toeboard, initially set them
    perpendicular to the lower leg centerlines and then place them as
    far forward as possible with the heels resting on the floor pan.
      (c) If it is not possible to maintain vertical and longitudinal
    planes through the upper and lower leg centerlines for each leg,
    then place the left leg so that its upper and lower centerlines
    fall, as closely as possible, in a vertical longitudinal plane and
    place the right leg so that its upper and lower leg centerlines
    fall, as closely as possible, in a vertical plane.
      S10.2 Vehicle equipped with bench seating.  Place the test
    dummy's torso against the seat back and its upper legs against the
    seat cushion, to the extent permitted by placement of the test
    dummy's feet in accordance with the appropriate paragraph of S10.1.
      S10.2.1 Driver position placement.  Place the test dummy at the
    left front outboard designated seating position so that its
    midsagittal plane is vertical and parallel to the centerline of the
    vehicle and so that the midsagittal plane of the test dummy passes
    through the center of the steering wheel rim.  Place the legs,
    knees, and feet of the test dummy as specified in S10.1.1.
      S10.2.2 Passenger position placement.  Place the test dummy at
    the right front outboard designated seating position so that the
    midsagittal plane of the test dummy is vertical and longitudinal,
    and the same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline as
    the midsagittal plane of the test dummy at the driver's position.
    Place the legs, knees, and feet of the test dummy as specified in
    S10.1.2.
      S10.3 Initial test dummy hand and arm placement.  With the test
    dummy at its designated seating position as specified by the
    appropriate requirements of S10.1 or S10.2, place the upper arms
    against the seat back and tangent to the side of the upper torso.
    Place the lower arms and palms against the outside of the upper
    legs.
      S10.4 Test dummy settling.
      S10.4.1 Test dummy vertical upward displacement.  Slowly lift the
    test dummy parallel to the seat back plane until the test dummy's
    buttocks no longer contact the seat cushion or until there is test
    dummy head contact with the vehicle's headlining.
      S10.4.2 Lower torso force application.  Apply a rearward force of
    50 pounds against the center of the test dummy's lower torso in a
    horizontal direction.  The line of force application shall be 6 1/2
    inches above the bottom surface of the test dummy's buttocks.
      S10.4.3 Test dummy vertical downward displacement.  Remove as
    much of the 50 pound force as necessary to allow the test dummy to
    return downward to the seat cushion by its own weight.
      S10.4.4 Test dummy upper torso rocking.  Apply a 10 to 15 pound
    horizontal rearward force to the test dummy's lower torso.  Then
    apply a horizontal forward force to the test dummy's shoulders
    sufficient to flex the upper torso forward until its back no longer
    contacts the seat back.  Rock the test dummy from side to side 3 or
    4 times so that the test dummy's spine is at any angle from the
    vertical in the 14 to 16 degree range at the extremes of each
    rocking movement.
      S10.4.5 Test dummy upper torso force application.  While
    maintaining the 10 to 15 pound horizontal rearward force applied in
    S10.4.4 and with the test dummy's midsagittal plane vertical, push
    the upper torso back against the seat back with a force of 50
    pounds applied in a horizontal rearward direction along a line that
    is coincident with the test dummy's midsagittal plane and 18 inches
    above the bottom surface of the test dummy's buttocks.
      S10.5 Belt adjustment for dynamic testing.  With the test dummy
    at its designated seating position as specified by the appropriate
    requirements of S8.1.2, S8.1.3 and S10.1 through S10.4, place and
    adjust the safety belt as specified below.
      S10.5.1 Manual safety belts.  Place the Type 1 or Type 2 manual
    belt around the test dummy and fasten the latch.  Pull the Type 1
    belt webbing out of the retractor and allow it to retract; repeat
    this operation four times.  Remove all slack from the lap belt
    portion of a Type 2 belt.  Pull the upper torso webbing out of the
    retractor and allow it to retract; repeat this operation four times
    so that the excess webbing in the shoulder belt is removed by the
    retractive force of the retractor.  Apply a 2 to 4 pound tension
    load to the lap belt of a single retractor system by pulling the
    upper torso belt adjacent to the latchplate.  In the case of a dual
    retractor system, apply a 2 to 4 pound tension load by pulling the
    lap belt adjacent to its retractor.  Measure the tension load as
    close as possible to the same location where the force was
    applied.  After the tension load has been applied, ensure that the
    upper torso belt lies flat on the test dummy's shoulder.
      S10.5.2 Automatic safety belts.  Ensure that the upper torso belt
    lies flat on the test dummy's shoulder after the automatic belt has
    been placed on the test dummy.
      S10.5.3 Belts with tension-relieving devices.  If the automatic
    or dynamically-tested manual safety belt system is equipped with a
    tension-relieving device, introduce the maximum amount of slack
    into the upper torso belt that is recommended by the manufacturer
    for normal use in the owner's manual for the vehicle.
      S10.6 Placement of test dummy arms and hands.  With the test
    dummy positioned as specified by S10.4 and without inducing torso
    movement, place the arms, elbows, and hands of the test dummy, as
    appropriate for each designated seating position in accordance with
    S10.6.1 or S10.6.2. Following placement of the arms, elbows and
    hands, remove the force applied against the lower half of the
    torso.
      S10.6.1 Driver's position.  Move the upper and the lower arms of
    the test dummy at the driver's position to their fully outstretched
    position in the lowest possible orientation.  Push each arm
    rearward permitting bending at the elbow, until the palm of each
    hand contacts the outer part of the rim of the steering wheel at
    its horizontal centerline.  Place the test dummy's thumbs over the
    steering wheel rim and position the upper and lower arm centerlines
    as close as possible in a vertical plane without inducing torso
    movement.  The thumbs shall be over the steering wheel rim and are
    lightly taped to the steering wheel rim so that if the hand of the
    test dummy is pushed upward by a force of not less than 2 pounds
    and not more than 5 pounds, the tape shall release the hand from
    the steering wheel rim.
      S10.6.2 Passenger position.  Move the upper and the lower arms of
    the test dummy at the passenger position to the fully outstretched
    position in the lowest possible orientation.  Push each arm
    rearward, permitting bending at the elbow, until the upper arm
    contracts the seat back and is tangent to the upper part of the
    side of the torso, the palm contacts the outside of the thigh, and
    the little finger is barely in contact with the seat cushion.
      S10.7 Repositioning of feet and legs.  After the test dummy has
    been settled in accordance with S10.4, the safety belt system has
    been positioned, if necessary, in accordance with S10.5, and the
    arms and hands of the test dummy have been positioned in accordance
    with S10.6, reposition the feet and legs of the test dummy, if
    necessary, so that the feet and legs meet the applicable
    requirements of S10.1 or S10.2.
      S10.8 Test dummy positioning for latchplate access.  The reach
    envelopes specified in S7.4.4 are obtained by positioning a test
    dummy in the driver's seat or passenger's seat in its forwardmost
    adjustment position.  Attach the lines for the inboard and outboard
    arms to the test dummy as described in Figure 3 of this standard.
    Extend each line backward and outboard to generate the compliance
    arcs of the outboard reach envelope of the test dummy's arms.
      S10.9 Test dummy positioning for belt contact force.
      S10.9.1 Vehicles manufactured before September 1, 1987. To
    determine compliance with S7.4.3 of this standard, a manufacturer
    may use, at its option, either the test procedure of S10.9.1 or the
    test procedure of S10.9.2. Position the test dummy in the vehicle
    in accordance with the appropriate requirements specified in S10.1
    or S10.2 and under the conditions of S8.1.2 and S8.1.3. Fasten the
    latch and pull the belt webbing three inches from the dummy's chest
    and release until the webbing is within one inch of the test
    dummy's chest and measure the belt contact force.
      S10.9.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1987. To
    determine compliance with S7.4.3 of this standard, position the
    test dummy in the vehicle in accordance with the appropriate
    requirements specified in S10.1 or S10.2 and under the conditions
    of S8.1.2 and S8.1.3. Close the vehicle's adjacent door, pull
    either 12 inches of belt webbing or the maximum available amount of
    belt webbing, whichever is less, from the retractor and then
    release it, allowing the belt webbing to return to the dummy's
    chest.  Fasten the latch and pull the belt webbing three inches
    from the test dummy's chest and release until the webbing is within
    one inch of the test dummys chest and measure the belt contact
    force.
      S11. Positioning Procedure for the Part 572 Subpart E Test Dummy.
      S11.1 Head. The transverse instrumentation platform of the head
    shall be horizontal within 1/2 degree.  To level the head of the
    test dummy, the following sequences must be followed.  First,
    adjust the position of the H point within the limits set forth in
    S11.4.3.1 to level the transverse instrumentation platform of the
    head of the test dummy.  If the transverse instrumentation platform
    of the head is still not level, then adjust the pelvic angle of the
    test dummy within the limits specified in S11.4.3.2 of this
    standard.  If the transverse instrumentation platform of the head
    is still not level, then adjust the neck bracket of the dummy the
    minimum amount necessary from the non-adjusted '0' setting to
    ensure that the transverse instrumentation platform of the head is
    horizontal within 1/2 degree.  The test dummy shall remain within
    the limits specified in S11.4.3.1 and S11.4.3.2 after any
    adjustment of the neck bracket.
      S11.2.1 The driver's upper arms shall be adjacent to the torso
    with the centerlines as close to a vertical plane as possible.
      S11.2.2 The passenger's upper arms shall be in contact with the
    seat back and the sides of torso.
      S11.3 Hands.
      S11.3.1 The palms of the driver test dummy shall be in contact
    with the outer part of the steering wheel rim at the rim's
    horizontal centerline.  The thumbs shall be over the steering wheel
    rim and shall be lightly taped to the steering wheel rim so that if
    the hand of the test dummy is pushed upward by a force of not less
    than 2 pounds and not more than 5 pounds, the tape shall release
    the hand from the steering wheel rim.
      S11.3.2 The palms of the passenger test dummy shall be in contact
    with outside of thigh.  The little finger shall be in contact with
    the seat cushion.
      S11.4 Torso.
      S11.4.1 In vehicles equipped with bench seats, the upper torso of
    the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat
    back.  The midsagittal plane of the driver dummy shall be vertical
    and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and pass
    through the center of the steering wheel rim.  The midsagittal
    plane of the passenger dummy shall be vertical and parallel to the
    vehicle's longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the
    vehicle's longitudinal centerline as the midsagittal plane of the
    driver dummy.
      S11.4.2 In vehicles equipped with bucket seats, the upper torso
    of the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the
    seat back.  The midsagittal plane of the driver and the passenger
    dummy shall be vertical and shall coincide with the longitudinal
    centerline of the bucket seat.
      S11.4.3 Lower Torso.
      S11.4.3.1 H-point. The H-point of the driver and passenger test
    dummies shall coincide within 1/2 inch in the vertical dimension
    and 1/2 inch in the horizontal dimension of a point 1/4 inch below
    the position of the H-point determined by using the equipment and
    procedures specified in SAE J826 (Apr 80) except that the length of
    the lower leg and thigh segments of the H-point machine shall be
    adjusted to 16.3 and 15.8 inches, respectively, instead of the 50th
    percentile values specified in Table 1 of SAE J826.
      S11.4.3.2 Pelvic angle.  As determined using the pelvic angle
    gage (GM drawing 78051-532 incorporated by reference in Part 572,
    Subpart E of this chapter) which is inserted into the H-point
    gaging hole of the dummy, the angle measured from the horizontal on
    the 3 inch flat surface of the gage shall be 22 1/2 degrees plus or
    minus 2 1/2 degrees.
      S11.5 Legs.
      S11.5.1 The legs of the driver and passenger test dummy shall be
    placed as provided in S11.5.2 or, at the option of the vehicle
    manufacturer until September 1, 1991, as provided in S10.1.1 for
    the driver and S10.1.2 for the passenger, except that the initial
    distance between the outboard knee clevis flange surfaces shall be
    10.6 inches for both the driver and the passenger rather than 14
    1/2 inches as specified in S10.1.1(a) for the driver and 11 3/4
    inches as specified in S10.1.2.1(a) and S10 1.2.2(a) for the
    passenger.
      S11.5.2 The upper legs of the driver and passenger test dummies
    shall rest against the seat cushion to the extent permitted by
    placement of the feet.  The initial distance between the outboard
    knee clevis flange surfaces shall be 10.6 inches.  To the extent
    practicable, the left leg of the driver dummy and both legs of the
    passenger dummy shall be in vertical longitudinal planes.  To the
    extent practicable, the right leg of the driver dummy shall be in a
    vertical plane.  Final adjustment to accommodate placement of feet
    in accordance with S11.6 for various passenger compartment
    configurations is permitted.
      S11.6 Feet. The feet of the driver test dummy shall be positioned
    in accordance with S10.1.1 (b) and (c) of this standard.  The feet
    of the passenger test dummy shall be positioned in accordance with
    S10.1.2.1 (b) and (c) or S10.1.2.2 (b) and (c) of this standard, as
    appropriate.
      S11.6.1 The feet of the driver test dummy shall be placed as
    required by S11.6.2 or, at the option of the vehicle manufacturer
    until September 1, 1991, as provided in S10.1.1. The feet of the
    passenger test dummy shall be placed as required by S11.6.3 or, at
    the option of the vehicle manufacturer until September 1, 1991, as
    provided in S10.1.2.
      S11.6.2 The right foot of the driver test dummy shall rest on the
    undepressed accelerator with the rearmost point of the heel on the
    floor surface in the plane of the pedal.  If the foot cannot be
    placed on the accelerator pedal, it shall be positioned
    perpendicular to the tibia and placed as far forward as possible in
    the direction of the centerline of the pedal with the rearmost
    point of the heel resting on the floor surface.  The heel of the
    left foot shall be placed as far forward as possible and shall rest
    on the floor pan.  The left foot shall be positioned as flat as
    possible on the toeboard.  The longitudinal centerline of the left
    foot shall be placed as parallel as possible to the longitudinal
    centerline of the vehicle.
      S11.6.3 The heels of both feet of the passenger test dummy shall
    be placed as far forward as possible and shall rest on the floor
    pan.  Both feet shall be positioned as flat as possible on the
    toeboard.  The longitudinal centerline of the feet shall be placed
    as parallel as possible to the longitudinal centerline of the
    vehicle.
      S11.7 Test dummy positioning for latchplate access.  The reach
    envelopes specified in S7.4.4 are obtained by positioning a test
    dummy in the driver's seat or passenger's seat in its forwardmost
    adjustment position.  Attach the lines for the inboard and outboard
    arms to the test dummy as described in Figure 3 of this standard.
    Extend each line backward and outboard to generate the compliance
    arcs of the outboard reach envelope of the test dummy's arms.
      S11.8 Test dummy positioning for belt contact force.  To
    determine compliance with S7.4.3 of this standard, position the
    test dummy in the vehicle in accordance with the requirements
    specified in S11.1 through S11.6 and under the conditions of
    S8.1.2. and S8.1.3. Pull the belt webbing three inches from the
    test dummy's chest and release until the webbing is within 1 inch
    of the test dummy's chest and measure the belt contact force.
      S11.9 Manual belt adjustment for dynamic testing.  With the test
    dummy at its designated seating position as specified by the
    appropriate requirements of S8.1.2, S8.1.3 and S11.1 through S11.6,
    place the Type 2 manual belt around the test dummy and fasten the
    latch.  Remove all slack from the lap belt.  Pull the upper torso
    webbing out of the retractor and allow it to retract; repeat this
    operation four times.  Apply a 2 to 4 pound tension load to the lap
    belt.  If the belt system is equipped with a tension-relieving
    device introduce the maximum amount of slack into the upper torso
    belt that is recommended by the manufacturer for normal use in the
    owner's manual for the vehicle.  If the belt system is not equipped
    with a tension-relieving device, allow the excess webbing in the
    shoulder belt to be retracted by the retractive force of the
    retractor.
      Note: The concept of an occupant protection system which requires
    'no action by vehicle occupants,' as that term is used in Standard
    No. 208, is intended to designate a system which will perform its
    protective restraining function after a normal process of ingress
    or egress without separate deliberate actions by the vehicle
    occupant to deploy the restraint system.  Thus, the agency
    considers an occupant protection system to be automatic if an
    occupant has to take no action to deploy the system but would
    normally slightly push the seat belt webbing aside when entering or
    exiting the vehicle or would normally make a slight adjustment in
    the webbing for comfort.
                        *** ILLUSTRATION OMITTED ***
    (36 FR 22902, Dec. 2, 1971)
      Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
    571.208, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids
    section of this volume.
      Effective Date Notes:
    ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DUMMIES; HYBRID III TEST DUMMY; MANUFACTURERS'
                           OPTIONS FOR COMPLIANCE
      1. At 51 FR 26688, July 25, 1986, a document was published
    amending Part 572 which adopted the Hybrid III test dummy (Subpart
    E) as an alternative to the Part 572 test dummy (Subpart B) in
    testing done pursuant to Standard No. 208. That document also
    revised paragraphs S5.1, S5.2, S5.3, S6, S8.1.8, S8.1.9, S8.1.12;
    added a sentence at the end of S8.1.3, and added S11 in Standard
    No. 208 so that effetive October 23, 1986 manufacturers have the
    option of using either the existing Part 572 test dummy (Subpart B)
    or the Hybrid III test dummy (Subpart E) until August 31, 1991. As
    of September 1, 1991, the Hybrid III will replace the Part 572 test
    dummy and be used as the exclusive means of determining a vehicle's
    conformance with the performance requirements of Standard No. 208.
      2. Amendments were made to Sec. 571.208 at 52 FR 44908, Nov. 23,
    1987. Multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross
    vehicle weight rating of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
    vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less must comply with the dynamic
    testing requirements of S4.6 of Standard No. 208 beginning on
    September 1, 1991.
      3. At 55 FR 30914, July 30, 1990, Sec. 571.208 was amended by
    revising S4.1.4.2(b), adding a new (c), revising S4.1.4.2.2, S4.2.4
    introductory text, S4.2.4.3, S4.4.3.2 and S4.4.3.2.3, effective
    January 28, 1991. For the convenience of the user, the superseded
    text follows:
    Sec. 571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.1.4.2 (a) * * *
      (b) Except as provided in S4.1.4.2.1, each passenger car other
    than a convertible manufactured on or after September 1, 1990 and
    each convertible passenger car manufactured on or after September
    1, 1991 shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt
    assembly at every forward-facing rear outboard designated seating
    position.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with
    this requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
    571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.  If a Type 2 seat
    belt assembly installed in compliance with this requirement
    incorporates any webbing tension-relieving device, the vehicle
    owner's manual shall include the information specified in S7.4.2(b)
    of this standard for the tension-relieving device, and the vehicle
    shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.1.4.2.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) shall meet the requirements of S4.1.4.2. and may use
    an upper torso belt that detaches, at the upper anchorage point to
    meet those requirements.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.2.4 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured on
    or after September 1, 1991 with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less.
    Except as provided in S4.2.4.2, each truck and each multipurpose
    passenger vehicle, except a motor home, manufactured on or after
    September 1, 1991 that has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000
    pounds or less shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt
    assembly at every forward-facing rear outboard designated seating
    position.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with
    this requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
    571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.  If a Type 2 seat
    belt assembly installed in compliance with this requirement
    incorporates any webbing tension-relieving device, the vehicle
    owner's manual shall include the information specified in S7.4.2(b)
    of this standard for the tension-relieving device, and the vehicle
    shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.2.4.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) shall meet the requirements of S4.2.4, and may use an
    upper torso belt that detaches at the upper anchorage point to meet
    those requirements.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.4.3.2 Except as provided in S4.4.3.2.2, each bus with a gross
    vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, except a school
    bus, shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt assembly
    at the driver's designated seating position and at the front and
    every rear forward-facing outboard designated seating position, and
    with a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly at all other designated
    seating positions.  Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in
    compliance with this requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209
    (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.  If a
    Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in compliance with this
    requirement incorporates any webbing tension-relieving device, the
    vehicle owner's manual shall include the information specified in
    S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension-relieving device, and
    the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
                                 * * * * *
      S4.4.3.2.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a
    readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily
    removed and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for
    that purpose) shall meet the requirements of S4.4.3.2, and may use
    an upper torso belt that detaches at the upper anchorage point to
    meet those requirements.
      4. At 54 FR 46267, Nov. 2, 1989, Sec. 1571.208 was amended by
    revising S7.1.1.3 and adding S7.1.1.5, effective Sept. 1, 1991. At
    55 FR 30919, July 30, 1990, S7.1.1.3 was again revised and S7.1.1.5
    was removed, effective Sept. 1, 1991. For the convenience of the
    user, the revised text follows:
                                 * * * * *
      S7.1.1.3 A Type 1 lap belt or the lap belt portion of any Type 2
    seat belt assembly installed at any forward-facing outboard
    designated seating position of a vehicle with a gross vehicle
    weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less to comply with a requirement
    of this standard, except walk-in van-type vehicles and school
    buses, shall meet the requirements of S7.1 by means of an emergency
    locking retractor that conforms to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
    571.209).

571.209 Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies

571.210 Standard No. 210; Seat belt assembly anchorages

571.211 Standard No. 211; Wheel nuts, wheel discs, and hub caps

571.212 Standard No. 212; Windshield mounting

571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems

571.214 Standard No. 214; Side door strength

571.215 (Reserved)

571.216 Standard No. 216; Roof crush resistance-passenger cars

571.217 Standard No. 217; Bus window retention and release

571.218 Standard No. 218; Motorcycle helmets

571.219 Standard No. 219; Windshield zone intrusion

571.220 Standard No. 220; School bus rollover protection

571.221 Standard No. 221; School bus body joint strength

571.222 Standard No. 222; School bus passenger seating and crash protection

571.301 Standard No. 301; Fuel system integrity

571.302 Standard No. 302; Flammability of interior materials


Patrick Tufts